【導(dǎo)讀】冷沖模具的使用壽命是以沖制出的工件數(shù)量來(lái)計(jì)算的。影響冷沖模壽命的因。質(zhì)量與表面強(qiáng)化、沖模零件的制造精度和冷沖壓材料的選取。模的安裝、調(diào)整、使用以及維修等。值，往往是造成模具急劇磨損和凸、凹模啃傷的重要原因。邊值愈小愈好，但搭邊值小于一定數(shù)值后，對(duì)模具壽命和剪切表面質(zhì)量不利。因此，在考慮提高材料利用率的同時(shí)，必須根據(jù)零件產(chǎn)量、質(zhì)量和壽命，形式和導(dǎo)向精度，所選擇導(dǎo)向精度應(yīng)高于凸、凹模的配合精度。求，否則容易損傷模具，降低模具使用壽命。制件易破裂，也易擦傷模具。另外，材料的厚度公差應(yīng)符合國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因?yàn)橐桓睕_模適用。有的沖模硬度不宜過(guò)高，如采用Crl2MoV制造凹。析統(tǒng)計(jì)，熱處理不當(dāng)引起的失效占50％以上。沖模的保管和維護(hù)好壞，以及使用潤(rùn)滑劑的情況，也影響模具使用壽命。具裝配圖，充分考慮和分析沖模的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、沖模零件加工工藝和加工精度等，以選擇方便、準(zhǔn)確、可靠的裝配方法以保證沖裁件質(zhì)量。

　　

【正文】 ion of closed, big and plete enterprise features, most enterprises in China are equipped with mold workshop, in factory matching status since the late 70s have a mold the concept of industrialization and specialization of production. Production efficiency is not high, poor economic returns. Mold production industry is small and scattered, crossindustry, capitalintensive, professional, mercial and technical management level are relatively low. According to inplete statistics, there are now specialized in manufacturing mold, the product supporting mold factory workshop (factory) near 17 000, about 600 12 000 employees, annual output value reached 20 billion yuan mold. However, the existing capacity of the mold and die industry can only meet the demand of 60%, still can not meet the needs of national economic development. At present, the domestic needs of large, sophisticated, plex and long life of the mold also rely mainly on imports. According to customs statistics, in 1997 630 million . dollars worth of imports mold, not including the import of mold together with the equipment。 in 1997 only 78 million . dollars export mold. At present the technological level of China Die amp。 Mould Industry and manufacturing capacity, China39。s national economy in the weak links and bottlenecks constraining sustainable economic development. 1. Research on the Structure of industrial products mold In accordance with the division of China Mould Industry Association, China mold is divided into 10 basic categories, which, stamping die and plastic molding two categories accounted for the main part. Calculated by output, present, China accounts for about 50% die stamping, plastic molding die about 20%, Wire Drawing Die (Tool) about 10% of the world39。s advanced industrial countries and regions, the proportion of plastic forming die die general of the total output value 40%. Most of our stamping die mold for the simple, singleprocess mode and meet the molds, precision die, precision multiposition progressive die is also one of the few, die less than 100 million times the average life of the mold reached 100 million times the maximum life of more than accuracy 3 ~ 5um, more than 50 progressive station, and the international life of the die 600 million times the highest average life of the die 50 million times pared to the mid 80s at the international advanced level. China39。s plastic molding mold design, production technology started relatively late, the overall level of low. Currently a single cavity, a simple mold cavity 70%, and still dominant. A sophisticated multicavity mold plastic injection mold, plastic injection mold has been able to multicolor preliminary design and manufacturing. Mould is about 80 million times the average life span is about, the main difference is the large deformation of mold ponents, excess burr side of a large, poor surface quality, erosion and corrosion serious mold cavity, the mold cavity exhaust poor and vulnerable such as, injection mold 5um accuracy has reached below the highest life expectancy has exceeded 20 million times, the number has more than 100 chamber cavity, reaching the mid 80s to early 90s the international advanced level. 2 .mold Present Status of Technology Technical level of China39。s mold industry currently uneven, with wide disparities. Generally speaking, with the developed industrial countries, Hong Kong and Taiwan advanced level, there is a large gap. The use of CAD / CAM / CAE / CAPP and other technical design and manufacture molds, both wide application, or technical level, there is a big gap between both. In the application of CAD technology design molds, only about 10% 13 of the mold used in the design of CAD, aside from drawing board still has a long way to go。 in the application of CAE design and analysis of mold calculation, it was just started, most of the game is still in trial stages and animation。 in the application of CAM technology manufacturing molds, first, the lack of advanced manufacturing equipment, and second, the existing process equipment (including the last 10 years the introduction of advanced equipment) or puter standard (IBM PC and patibles, HP workstations, etc.) different, or because of differences in bytes, processing speed differences, differences in resistance to electromagic interference, working is low, only about 5% of the mold manufacturing equipment of recent work in this task。 in the application process planning CAPP technology, basically a blank state, based on the need for a lot of standardization work。 in the mold mon technology, such as mold rapid prototyping technology, polishing, electroforming technologies, surface treatment technology aspects of CAD / CAM technology in China has just started. Computeraided technology, software development, is still at low level, the accumulation of knowledge and experience required. Most of our mold factory, mold processing equipment shop old, long in the length of civilian service, accuracy, low efficiency, still use the ordinary fing, turning, milling, planing, drilling, grinding and processing equipment, mold, heat treatment is still in use salt bath, boxtype furnace, operating with the experience of workers, poorly equipped, high energy consumption. Renewal of equipment is slow, technological innovation, technological progress is not much intensity. Although in recent years introduced many advanced mold processing equipment, but are too scattered, or not plete, only about 25% utilization, equipment, some of the advanced functions are not given full play. Lack of technology of highquality mold design, manufacturing technology and skilled workers, especially the lack of knowledge and breadth, knowledge structure, high levels of pound talents. China39。s mold industry and tec