【正文】 afford anything more expensive（2）Which of the following best describes the old gentleman? A.Kind and lucky.B.Friendly and helpful.C.Poor and lonely.D.Hurt and disappointed.（3）Why did the author refuse the old gentle man39。s request first? A.He considered the old man dishonest.B.He felt no pity for the old gentleman.C.He wanted to keep his present job.D.He expected someone else to pay for the old man.（4）What lesson did the author learn from this experience? A.Obeying the rules means more than passion.B.Wealth is most important in older age.C.Experience is better gained through practice.D.Compassion means helping in some way.【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，作者通過(guò)一位老人買餅干而沒(méi)錢付賬的經(jīng)歷告訴我們可以把同情的愿望轉(zhuǎn)化為行動(dòng)。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“He said he was out of cash, had just moved into his room, and had nothing in his cupboards. He asked if we could let him have the food on trust. He promised to repay me the next day.”可知，結(jié)賬時(shí)這個(gè)老人說(shuō)自己沒(méi)有錢了，問(wèn)我他可不可以先把餅干拿走，第二天再把錢送來(lái)，故選B。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段老人身上連買餅干的錢都沒(méi)有及第二段中的“all alone in the world.”可知，他又窮又孤獨(dú)，故選C。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“but store rules didn39。t allow me to do so. I felt stupid and unkind saying this, but I valued my job.”可知，商店的規(guī)定不允許先拿貨后付錢，作者想保住這份工作所以不敢違反規(guī)定，故選C。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Compassion（同情）is a desire within us to help others. With effort, we can translate passion into action. ”可知，同情是我們內(nèi)心幫助別人的愿望，通過(guò)努力，我們可以把它轉(zhuǎn)化為行動(dòng)，也就是說(shuō)作者從這個(gè)經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到了同情意味著以某種方式幫助別人，故選D。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解 Computer scientists have hoped to give robots technical skills to help them recognize, process and react to humor. But these attempts have mostly failed. AI experts say that in many cases, attempts to make robots understand humor end up producing funny results, but not in the way they were supposed to. Tristan Miller studied more than 10,000 puns in one research project. The pun is a kind of joke that uses a word with two meanings. For example, you could say, “Balloons do not like pop music. The word pop can be a way of saying popular music。 or can mean the sound a balloon makes when it explodes. But a robot might not get the joke. Tristan Miller says that is because humor is a kind of creative language that is extremely difficult for puter intelligence to understand. Allison Bishop is a puter scientist and she also performs standup edy. She explained that machines are trained to look for patterns. Comedy, on the other hand, relies on things that stay close to a pattern, but not pletely within it. To be funny, humor should also not be predictable, Bishop said. This is a great challenge for a machine to recognize and understand what is funny. Bishop says since robots have great difficulty understanding humor, she feels like it gives her better job safety as a edy performer. It even made her parents happy when her brother decided to bee a fulltime edy writer because it meant he wouldn39。t be replaced by a machine, she added. Despite the difficulties, Darmstadt University39。s Miller says there are good reasons to keep trying to teach humor to robots. It could make machines more relatable (敘述的), especially if they can learn to understand sarcasm (諷刺), he noted. Humans use sarcasm to say one thing but mean another. But Kiki Hempelmann thinks differently. Teaching AI systems humor may make them find it where it isn39。t, and they may use it where it39。s not suitable, he said. Maybe bad AI will start killing people because it thinks something is funny, he added.（1）What does the author most probably want to show in Paragraph 1? 39。 influence on the scientific development.39。 challenges of making sense of humor. scientists39。 devotion to technical skills. scientists39。 concern about AI39。s development.（2）What are examples mentioned in Paragraphs 2 and 3 intended to do? robots do poorly in funny work robots aren39。t as intelligent as humans language is plex and changeable language can39。t be taught in a set pattern（3）What can we infer about teaching AI system humor from the last paragraph? will make no difference. may be a doubleedged sword. may help improve humans39。 humor. will attract more puter scientists.（4）Where would the passage most probably e from? journal speech【答案】 （1）B（2）D（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，工程師很難讓機(jī)器創(chuàng)造幽默。對(duì)于機(jī)器人是否應(yīng)該被教授幽默，不同的科學(xué)家有不同的見(jiàn)解。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Computer scientists have hoped to give robots technical skills to help them recognize, process and react to humor. But these attempts have mostly failed.”可知，計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家希望賦予機(jī)器人技術(shù)技能，幫助它們識(shí)別、處理和應(yīng)對(duì)幽默。但這些嘗試大多以失敗告終。通過(guò)第一段作者想要展示的是讓機(jī)器人理解幽默是有挑戰(zhàn)性的。故選B。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Tristan Miller says that is because humor is a kind of creative language that is extremely difficult for puter intelligence to understand.”特里斯坦米勒說(shuō)，這是因?yàn)橛哪且环N創(chuàng)造性的語(yǔ)言，對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)智能來(lái)說(shuō)是非常難以理解的；第三段中的“This is a great challenge for a machine to recognize and understand what is funny.”對(duì)于機(jī)器來(lái)說(shuō)，識(shí)別和理解什么是有趣的是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，可推斷，這兩個(gè)例子是用來(lái)說(shuō)明語(yǔ)言不能用固定的模式來(lái)教授的。故選D。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“‘Teaching AI systems humor may make them find it where it isn39。t, and they may use it where it39。s not suitable,39。 he said. ‘Maybe bad AI will start killing people because it thinks something is funny,39。 he added.“教人工智能系統(tǒng)幽默可能會(huì)讓它們?cè)诓贿m合的地方找到幽默，也可能在不適合的地方使用它”，他說(shuō)?！耙苍S壞的人工智能會(huì)開始?xì)⑷耍驗(yàn)樗J(rèn)為有些東西很有趣”他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)道，可推斷出，教授人工智能系統(tǒng)幽默可能是一把雙刃劍。故選B。 （4）考查推理判題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Computer scientists have hoped to give robots technical skills to help them recognize, process and react to humor.”計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家希望給機(jī)器人技術(shù)技能，以幫助他們識(shí)別，處理和反應(yīng)幽默，可知，本文講述了教授機(jī)器人幽默，因此推斷這篇文章很可能選自科學(xué)雜志。故選C。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。9．閱讀理解 The arts, especially music, should be part of every school39。s lessons at every grade level. Students would be much smarter if they had some musical experience. They could improve their classroom skills, like paying attention and following directions. People develop all these skills when they learn music. Making music also lets children use their imagination. It provides students with a chance to t