【正文】 hey spend much more, when taking a foreign holiday, than young adults. So they are vital to the Tourism industry. They are also changing education and finance Because of the importance of pensions,the yold are transforming insurance panies from passive distributors of fired an nuities (年金)to financial service providers for customers who want to manage their pension pots more actively.39. They find that older workers have, if anything,slightly aboveaverage productivity and that teams of workers from multiple generations are the most productive of should be better off because public spending on health and pensions should be lower than expected, as people work longer and need less medical care.Today,some big things will have to change, under pressure from the yold themselves. The most important is public attitudes towards older people and in particular the expectation that 60somethings ought to quietly retire into the background. 40. The yold will demand that panies bee more agefriendly and,in the process,help change attitudes towards aging itself.A. Healthy yold people will require great changes in health spending.B. Many panies discriminate against older workers by offering training only to younger ones.C. The rise of the yold will definitely be a blessing to both culture and economy.D. Health worsens with age,but the yold are resisting the decline better than most. bosses think productivity falls with age,but studies in Germany suggest otherwise. will disturb consumers, service and financial markets. yold,in their new appearance as the young old, are expected to change the world.【答案】36. G 37. D 38. F 39. E 40. B【解析】這是一篇議論文。本文從日本老齡化社會(huì)出發(fā)，論述了悠得人群體日漸成為社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力和消費(fèi)力的現(xiàn)象。36. 下一句“The yold are more numerous, healthier and wealthier than previous generations of seniors.(與上一代老年人相比，悠得人的數(shù)量更多，更健康，也更富有)”說(shuō)明悠得人比上一代老年人的數(shù)量更多，更健康，也更富有，因此，G項(xiàng)“The yold, in their new appearance as the young old, are expected to change the world(悠得人，以他們年輕老人的新面貌，有望改變這個(gè)世界)”符合語(yǔ)境，選項(xiàng)中的“new appearance”是關(guān)鍵詞，與下文構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系，故選G項(xiàng)。37. 下一句“Of the years of increased life expectancy(預(yù)期壽命)in rich countries between 2000 and 2015, says the WHO, years were enjoyed in good health.(世衛(wèi)組織稱，2000至2015年間，)”提到世界衛(wèi)生組織的調(diào)查結(jié)論，隨著人們預(yù)期壽命的增長(zhǎng)，健康的年限也在增長(zhǎng)，且下文的“Working is one of the factors that are helping people stay healthy longer. ”說(shuō)明工作有益健康，可推知，首句必然和健康有關(guān)，因此，D項(xiàng)“Health worsens with age, but the yold are resisting the decline better than most.(健康狀況隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而惡化，但悠得人比大多數(shù)人更能抵抗這種衰退)”符合語(yǔ)境，與最后一句“The yold are also better off, while the wealth of all other age groups declined.(悠得人群的境況也更富有，而其他所有年齡組的財(cái)富都在下降。)”呼應(yīng)，介紹悠得人群的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。故選D項(xiàng)。38. 上文“The yold are not just any group of old people They are challenging the traditional expectations of the retired as who are wearing indoor shoes and look after the grandchildren. (悠得人并非僅是一波尋常的老人。他們正在挑戰(zhàn)人們對(duì)退了休的人穿著拖鞋、照看孫兒這種慣有的預(yù)期)”以及下文“So they are vital to the Tourism industry. They are also changing education and finance… (因此，它們對(duì)旅游業(yè)至關(guān)重要。他們也在改變教育和金融)”談到，這批人將改變對(duì)老人的傳統(tǒng)印象，認(rèn)為老人是待在家里的照顧孫子孫女的，下文談到是老人開(kāi)始成為航空業(yè)、旅游業(yè)的常客，甚至超過(guò)了年輕人，可推知，該題干要體現(xiàn)出與常識(shí)不同的差異性，因此，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“That will disturb consumers, service and financial markets(這將擾亂消費(fèi)者、服務(wù)業(yè)和金融市場(chǎng))”符合語(yǔ)境，該選項(xiàng)中“disturb”是關(guān)鍵詞，與上下文呼應(yīng)。故選F項(xiàng)。39. 下文“They find that older workers have, if anything, slightly aboveaverage productivity and that teams of workers from multiple generations are the most productive of all(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，若要說(shuō)有什么區(qū)別的話，老年員工的生產(chǎn)率略高于平均水平；而由來(lái)自不同代際的員工組成的團(tuán)隊(duì)生產(chǎn)率最高)”談到，年長(zhǎng)的工人的效率會(huì)更高，因此，E項(xiàng)“Many bosses think productivity falls with age, but studies in Germany suggest otherwise.(許多老板和人力資源部門(mén)認(rèn)為生產(chǎn)率會(huì)隨年齡增長(zhǎng)而下降，但是德國(guó)的研究表明并非如此)”符合語(yǔ)境，反駁一些人所認(rèn)為的工作效率隨年齡增長(zhǎng)而倒退的觀點(diǎn)。故選E項(xiàng)。40. 上文“The most important is public attitudes towards older people and in particular the expectation that 60somethings ought to quietly retire into the background(最重要的是公眾對(duì)老年人的態(tài)度，尤其是對(duì)60多歲的人應(yīng)該悄悄退居幕后的期望)”以及下文“The yold will demand that panies bee more agefriendly and, in the process, help change attitudes towards aging itself.( 悠得人將要求公司變得更“高齡友善”，并在這一過(guò)程中幫助改變?nèi)藗儗?duì)于“變老”這件事本身的態(tài)度)”提到，一些人認(rèn)為60歲以上的員工應(yīng)該迎接退休，下文又談到了悠得人的訴求，希望公司變得更“高齡友善”，可推知，B項(xiàng)“Many panies discriminate against older workers by offering training only to younger ones(許多公司歧視年長(zhǎng)的工人，只給年輕人提供培訓(xùn))”符合題意，符合上下文反對(duì)年齡歧視的語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。第三部分：語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題；，共30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。 An unusual experiment in Botswana suggests that painting eyes on the rear（背部的）ends of cows may help protect them from large predators（捕食者）like lions. Protecting cows could also protect the lions from angry farmers 41 .Large predators like lions are under 42 . Much of the land where they used to live has been taken over by humans. Many are hunted 43 . One serious 44 to large predators es from farmers who often shoot or 45 them after losing farm animals to their attacks.Scientists from the University of New South Wales 46 if painting pictures of eyes on the cows39。 rear ends might protect them. The idea isn39。t as strange as it may 47 . There are many examples of animals such as butterflies or fish using 48 “eyes” to protect themselves. The scientists also knew that animals like lions like to 49 their prey （獵物） quietly. If they feel that they39。ve been 50 , they often give up and look for another 51 .Working with over 2,000 cows on 14 different farms in the Okavango area, the scientists 52 their ideas in a fouryear study. The researchers 53 the cows in three different groups. They painted large eye on the rear ends of one group of cows. The second group got 54 Xs marks. The final group got 55 .The eyes worked very 56 . Of the 683 cows with eyes painted on them, 57 were killed in the fouryear period. 58 , cows with nothing on their rear ends didn39。t do so well. Fifteen of the 835 cows with bare backsides were killed. The scientists were surprised to 59 that even Xs seemed to give some 60 . Only four of the 543 cows with Xs were killed.41. A. in all B. in turn C. in return D. above al