【正文】 o think faster and put more imagination into their thinking. Besides, if we dream, the thinking abilities are improved even more. Researchers consider that sleeping on a problem in most cases leads to elucidation(解釋). They say when a person enters a phase called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) during sleep, it increases the effect. Such phase takes place right before we awake and according to scientists it helps our brain make links between unrelated subjects. In the study, led by Professor Sara Mednick, scientists made a conclusion that the REM was important for assimilating(消化) new information into past experience in order to find solutions to creative problems. Prof. Mednick is a psychiatrist at the University of California. Her study involved the analysis of 77 adults. Each participant was given several wordassociated creative tasks. All tasks were given in the morning, with participants being shown a number of groups of 3 words, for example: cookie, heart and sixteen. They were asked to e up with a word that would be associated with all three given terms—like sweet. Sometime later, after some participants were allowed to sleep, they were asked to perform the same tasks and some new ones. It is worth mentioning that while some people slept, researchers used brain scans to see the type of sleep each participant entered. When given the same tasks, participants, who took a nap, were able to give more varied solutions, some of which were much better than they gave earlier. But when given new tasks, researchers found that those who entered REM sleep had a 40 percent better result pared to the performance they showed in the morning.（1）What does it refer to in the second paragraph?A.The effect.B.REM.C.Sleep.D.A problem.（2）Why do the researchers study the REM?A.Because REM takes place just after you sleep.B.Because REM can store more information.C.Because REM can help find creative solutionsD.Because REM can make a creative invention.（3）What can we know from this passage?A.Taking a short nap is good for your thinking during the day.B.Sleeping has three processes which is good for creativity.C.Each adult was allowed to sleep after the task was given.D.REM is a process taking place right after we awake when we nap.（4）The important stage in the study is________.A.to think of a creative wordB.to show a group of 3 wordsC.to give participants time to thinkD.to let some participants sleep for a while【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）A（4）D 【解析】【分析】文章講述了科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，睡眠能大大提高我們的創(chuàng)造力。( 1 )詞義猜測題。根據(jù)前一句They say when a person enters a phase called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) during sleep可知，it指代REM，選B。( 2 )細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段scientists made a conclusion that the REM was important for assimilating(消化) new information into past experience” in order to find solutions to creative ，科學(xué)家之所以研究這個時期是因為這個時期對于找到創(chuàng)造性問題的解題辦法是重要的，這個時期會將新信息消化為經(jīng)驗，故答案為C。( 3 )細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段When given the same tasks, participants, who took a nap, were able to give more varied solutions, some of which were much better than they gave ，小睡一會之后會讓人有更好的表現(xiàn)。故選A。( 4 )推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段It is worth mentioning that while some people slept, researchers used brain scans to see the type of sleep each participant ，研究很重要的一個階段就是要讓參加者睡一會，然后來掃描他們大腦看看他們進入的睡眠階段。選D。8．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. The history of the world is but the biography (傳記) of great men, argued Thomas Carlyle, the advocate of what has e to be known as the Great Man Theory of History. This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their times. Whether or not Carlyle39。s theory proves true is debatable, but that certain individuals cast long shadows is not. As one who is entrusted with a leadership position, I find it profitable to read of others who have led. Wherever you find me, you39。ll likely find a good biography nearby. Why is this the case? First, I find good biographies fascinating. I39。ll occasionally read a novel, but I39。ve never been overly drawn to fiction. I have found myself unable to sleep while in the struggle of the Battle of Britain in William Manchester39。s The Last Lion. For me, not to read biographies would rob me of pleasure in my life. Second, I find good biographies informative. A good biographer tells not only the story of a person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual shopping mall. The first store is what drew you there, but you will be pleasantly surprised along the way at what other items grab your attention. You39。ll find no better account of the British Empire at its peak than the opening chapters of Manchester39。s Visions of Glory, volume one of his The Last Lion. Strictly speaking, a biography is but a slice of history. Third, I find good biographies relaxing. Winston Churchill once noted a man who works with his hands should have a hobby that engages his mind, and a man who works with his mind should have a hobby that engages his hands. Another way to apply Churchill39。s saying is to bine technical, peninhand vocational reading with leisurely biographical reading. Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and entering into another world. This is why I love reading good biographies, and why I pity the person who neglects them. Don39。t be counted among their number.（1）What is implied in the first paragraph? A.The author finds Carlyle39。s theory undebatable.B.Carlyle believes great men alone cannot create history.C.It is debatable whether one should read great men39。s biographies.D.The author agrees that history is greatly influenced by certain men.（2）What does the underlined phrase other items in the third paragraph refer to? A.good biographies16