【正文】 d the groundwater was exhausted, the trees may not be so lucky, Drake says. Other scientists call the finding encouraging. “It39。s definitely good news,” says Trevor Keenan, an ecologist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, who was not part of the study. “It would be very interesting to know how this translates to other species,” he adds. Drake hopes to conduct similar experiments with trees mon in North America.（1）How does one species of eucalyptus tree cope with extreme heat waves? A.By releasing water.B.By blocking sunlight.C.By absorbing groundwater.D.By reducing photosynthesis.（2）What did the researchers do during their study? A.They grew all the trees in artificial temperatures.B.They induced a heat wave in a dozen pods of trees.C.They created climatecontrolled surroundings for trees.D.They varied trees39。 conditions in their natural environment.（3）The underlined phrase “ground to a near halt” in Paragraph 4 means “________”. A.continuedB.substitutedC.strengthenedD.ceased（4）What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A.Photosynthesis is necessary for the trees to sweat.B.No further experiments will be done other species.C.Other species will be transplanted to North America.D.Groundwater helps the trees survive the extreme heat.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境科學(xué)與林業(yè)學(xué)院的生態(tài)學(xué)家John Drake和他的同事們通過對(duì)紅桉樹做實(shí)驗(yàn)，得出結(jié)論：在極度的高溫中，紅桉樹仍然可以通過釋放水分來抵抗熱浪，獲得生存。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“But at least one species of eucalyptus tree can resist extreme heat by continuing to 39。sweat’”可知，桉樹通過“流汗”，即釋放水分來抵抗極度的熱，故選A。(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ecologist John Drake… and his colleagues grew a dozen Parramatta red gum … trees in large, climatecontrolled plastic pods that separated the trees from the surrounding forest for a year in Richmond, Australia.”可知，研究者們將12棵紅桉樹種植在巨大的，氣候受控制的塑料艙里，這種塑料倉將這些樹和周圍的森林分離開來?？芍芯空邆?yōu)檫@些樹創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)氣候受控制的生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境，故選C。(3)考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的“But exceptionally high temperatures are known to greatly reduce photosynthesis”可知，極度的高溫會(huì)減少光合作用。由第四段后面的內(nèi)容可知，令研究者們驚訝的是，面對(duì)著人工制造出來的熱浪，這些樹繼續(xù)以接近正常的水平蒸發(fā)，有效地使自己和周圍的環(huán)境涼爽下來。結(jié)合這兩點(diǎn)可以推知，面對(duì)人工制造出來的熱浪，光合作用應(yīng)該是大大減少，但這并沒有影響樹木的蒸發(fā)。劃線部分意思應(yīng)當(dāng)接近于“大大減少，降低”這一類的意思cease意為“停止”，故選D。(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“The researchers think the Parramatta red gums were able to effectively sweat — even without photosynthesis — because they are particularly good at tapping into water deep in the soil. But if a heat wave and a severe drought （干旱）were to hit at the same time and the groundwater was exhausted, the trees may not be so lucky, Drake says.”可知，這些樹擅長(zhǎng)吸取地下水，如果熱浪干旱同時(shí)發(fā)生，地下水枯竭的話，那么這些樹生存的可能性就比較小了。由此可以推知，地下水幫助這些樹存活下來。故選D。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解 From the loss of wildlife to rising sea levels, we39。re all well aware of the problems that climate change could cause. But while it may seem like such issues won39。t affect most of us directly，it looks like future generations could grow up without something that many of us now take for granted: chocolate. According to an essay published by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, changes to the climate in the regions that produce cacao the plant from which chocolate is produced may mean that it will soon bee extinct. Most of the world39。s cacao grows in countries close to the equator，with over half of it growing in the African nations of Ghana and Ivory Coast.It39。s predicted that by 2050, climate change will have accelerated the rate at which temperatures in these countries rise, making it extremely difficult for cacao to grow there. The problem doesn39。t lie in increased heat, however，but in lower humidity (濕度)，as it39。s believed that rainfall will stay at the same level if the temperature rises. “In other words, as higher temperatures squeeze more water out of soil and plants, it39。s unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to offset the moisture (含水量) loss,” Michon Scott, the essay39。s author, wrote. To help fight this problem, researchers from Berkeley University in the US are working on changing the DNA of cacao plants to allow them to survive in dryer conditions by using gene editing technology, according to US News. In the meantime, US pany Mars, one of the world39。s biggest manufacturers of chocolate products, announced in January that it would spend $1 billion to help reduce the effects of climate change. “This is a world issue, and it requires everyone to work together,” Mars spokesperson Barry Parkin told Business Insider. The message here is that if we all do our part, we may be able to prevent some of the worst impacts of climate change. Or if we39。re unlucky, chocolate will bee a thing of the past.（1）What could make it hard for cacao to survive around the equator in the future? A.The increased heat there.B.The higher humidity there.C.The decrease in rainfall there.D.The moisture loss in the soil there.（2）What does the underlined word “offset” in the seventh paragraph mean? A.hold backB.make up forC.protectD.accept（3）What will US pany Mars do to help cacao survive? A.It will work hard to plant cacao in greenhouses.B.It will apply gene editing technology in planting cacao.C.It will give financial support to help fight climate change.D.It wil