【正文】 nspired by productpromoting sent to themC.eager to help their friends promote quality productsD.enthusiastic about remending their favorite products.（2）The author indicates in Para. 3 that earned media ________. A.invite constant conflicts with passionate consumersB.can be used to produce negative effects in marketingC.may be responsible for fiercer petitionD.deserve all the negative ments about them（3）Toyota Motor39。s experience is cited as an example of ________. A.responding effectively to hijacked mediaB.persuading customers into boycotting productC.cooperating with supportive consumersD.taking advantage of hijacked media【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了有關(guān)earned media(口碑媒體)、Hijacked Media（劫持媒體）、paid media（自有媒體）的概念和特點。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Consumers passionate about a product may create “earned” media by willingly promoting it to friends”可知，對產(chǎn)品充滿熱情的消費者可能會通過主動向朋友推銷產(chǎn)品來創(chuàng)造“口碑”媒體。故選D。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段可知，劇烈的技術(shù)變革為營銷人員提供了越來越多的交流選擇，但同時也增加了這樣一種風(fēng)險，即熱情的消費者會以更快、更明顯、更具破壞性的方式表達(dá)自己的觀點。這種被劫持的媒體是口碑媒體的對立面：一項資產(chǎn)或活動成為消費者、其他利益相關(guān)者或?qū)δ硞€品牌或產(chǎn)品提出負(fù)面指控的活動人士的人質(zhì)。例如，社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)的成員正在明白他們可以劫持媒體，對最初創(chuàng)建它們的企業(yè)施加壓力。由此可知，當(dāng)口碑媒體被某些人所劫持，轉(zhuǎn)化為劫持媒體的時候，就會影響企業(yè)，從而對企業(yè)營銷產(chǎn)生不利的影響。故選B。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段對于“劫持媒體”的介紹和最后一段中的“If that happens passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target pany at risk. In such a case, the pany39。s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep.”可知，如果發(fā)生（劫持媒體）這種情況，熱情的消費者會試圖說服他人抵制產(chǎn)品，從而使目標(biāo)公司的聲譽面臨風(fēng)險。在這種情況下，公司的反應(yīng)可能不夠迅速或周到，那么公司就會變得很困難。而下文以Toyota Motor（該公司在今年早些時候的召回危機中采取了相對迅速和精心策劃的社交媒體應(yīng)對行動，包括在Twitter和Facebook等網(wǎng)站上直接與消費者互動，從而減輕了部分損失）為例，則展示了當(dāng)發(fā)生“劫持媒體”這種情況時，如果應(yīng)對迅速得當(dāng)，那么就可以減輕損失。因此，Toyota Motor是一個有效應(yīng)對被綁架媒體的例子。故選A。 【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解 The spine (脊柱) stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains a major collection of nerves that deliver electric signals from the rest of the body to your brain. So it39。s important to take care of it. Staying in a good position is one of the most important things to keep your spine healthy. A proper position means standing or sitting while keeping your spins straight, except for its natural bending. Positions play a vital part even when you39。re asleep. Stomach sleeping is far from a good idea. Many people prefer sleeping on their side, which is in the interests of their spine. Sleeping on your back has lots of benefits yet can cause lower back pain and put some pressure on your spine. Staying still for too long — even if your position is good — can be hard on your back. Especially if you work at a task most of the day, it39。s important to get up and stretch (伸展) periodically. Strength exercises with light weights like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles. However, don39。t overdo the exercise, as repeated movements can hurt the muscles around the spine, as trying to lift heavy weights with poor technique. Vitamins also affect the health of your spine. In particular, vitamin B and omega3 fatty acids help keep nerves healthy. Another important part is vitamin D, which is required for strong bones. Vitamin D can e from some foods, but it39。s also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some exercises outside. At last, many of the actions necessary to keep a spine healthy are similar to those used to protect your health in other ways. So protect your back, and the rest of the body will benefit.（1）Which sleeping position is best for our spine according to the passage? A.B.C.D.（2）What is suggested in paragraph 3? A.Strengthening muscles around the spine.B.Repeating a certain movement more.C.Doing a proper amount of exercise.D.Staying still in a good position.（3）What can we infer about vitamins? A.Vitamin B reacts with omega3 fatty acids.B.Abundant vitamin D guarantees strong bones.C.Vitamin D can39。t be absorbed without sunlight.D.Doing pushups outside increases vitamin D intake.（4）What is the best title for the text? A.Stay still, stay healthyB.Good position, good spineC.Healthy means, healthy spineD.Proper exercise, proper weight【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）D（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，脊柱位于健康的中心，為你的身體提供結(jié)構(gòu)和支撐。它還包含一個主要的神經(jīng)集合，將身體其他部位的電信號傳遞到你的大腦。所以照顧好它很重要。作者介紹了一些有助于脊椎健康的方法。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Many people prefer sleeping on their side, which is in the interests of their spine.”許多人喜歡側(cè)睡，這對他們的脊椎有好處?？芍xA。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Especially if you work at a task most of the day, it39。s important to get up and stretch periodically. Strength exercises with light weights like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles.”特別是如果你一天中大部分時間都在做一項工作，那么定期起來活動活動就很重要了。像俯臥撐這樣的輕重量力量練習(xí)也可以幫助加強肌肉?？芍谌谓ㄗh要定期做適量運動有益于脊椎。故選C。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的”Vitamin D can e from some foods, but it39。s also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some exercises outside.“維生素D可以從一些食物中獲得，但它也可以從陽光中吸收，所以在戶外做一些運動也有助于維他命D的吸收?？芍谑彝庾龈┡P撐可以增加維生素D的攝入量。故選D。 （4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的”The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains a major collection of nerves that deliver electric signals from the rest of the body to your brain. So it39。s important to take care of it.“脊柱位于健康的中心，為你的身體提供結(jié)構(gòu)和支撐。它還包含一個主要的神經(jīng)集合，將身體其他部位的電信號傳遞到你的大腦。所以照顧好它很重要。以及文章主要內(nèi)容為介紹了一些有助于脊椎健康的方法，故選C。 【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。9．閱讀理解 A study based on data gathered by a NASA sensor has revealed China and India, the world39。s two most populous countries, are primarily responsible for making the Earth greener over the past two decades. The study, published on Feb 11 in the journal Natural Sustainability, has found that since 2000 the Earth39。s green leaf area has increased by over 5 million square kilometers. That39。s an area equivalent to