【正文】 help to explain why children can often have clear memories of events but then forget them just a couple of years later. The youngsters first visited the laboratory at the age of three and discussed six unique events from their past, such as family outings, trips to the zoo, and the first day of school. The children then returned for a second session between the ages of five and nine to discuss the same events. The researchers found that between the ages of five and seven, the amount of memories the children could recall remained between 63 72 percent. However, the amount of information eightto nineyearold children could recall dropped to 35 and 36 percent.（1）What does the new study tell us? memories decline with years. kids are the cleverest. memories can fade easily. adults cannot recall past events.（2）What does the underlined word persist in Paragraph 2 mean? ....（3）What can we learn from Paragraph 4? cannot have clear memories of past events. can think like adults when they get older. under 7 years old have different ways of forming memories. often forget things because they have no idea of time or place.（4）In the second session, nineyearold children _________. to discuss the same events all their family outings recall 72 percent of their past events remembered a small part of their past events【答案】 （1）A（2）B（3）D（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了記憶消失的一些知識。大多數(shù)三歲的孩子都能回憶起一年前發(fā)生在他們身上的許多事情，這些記憶在五歲和六歲時依然存在，但到七歲以上時，這些記憶會迅速衰退。在七歲之前，孩子們在記憶中沒有時間感和位置感。在5到7歲之間，孩子們能回憶起的記憶量保持在63%到72%之間。然而，8至9歲兒童能夠回憶起的信息量下降到35%和36%。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段“A new study has found that most threeyearolds can recall a lot of what happened to them over a year earlier, and these memories persist while they are five and six, but by the time they are over seven, these memories decline(衰退) rapidly.”一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大多數(shù)三歲的孩子都能回憶起一年前發(fā)生在他們身上的許多事情，這些記憶在他們五歲和六歲時仍然存在，但當他們超過七歲時，這些記憶迅速衰退?？芍卵芯扛嬖V了我們童年時的記憶隨年齡而衰退。 故選A。 （2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“but by the time they are over seven, these memories decline(衰退) rapidly.”到七歲以上時，這些記憶會迅速衰退，可知這些記憶在五歲和六歲時依然存在，故劃線單詞persist的意思是：存在，保留。故選B。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“They say that before the age of seven children do not have a sense of time and place in their memories.”他們說在七歲之前，孩子們在記憶中沒有時間感和位置感。可知孩子們經(jīng)常忘記事情，因為他們沒有時間感位置感，故選D。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ However, the amount of information eightto nineyearold children could recall dropped to 35 and 36 percent.”然而，8至9歲兒童能夠回憶起的信息量下降到35%和36%。可知在第二階段，九歲的孩子只記得他們過去的一小部分事情。故選D。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解 Even if you39。ve never been to Phoenix, you know this about the place It39。s hot. From June to September, the temperature can easily surpass the century mark. But that doesn39。t stop hikers from attempting the hiking to the top of the city39。s famed Camelback Mountain. Signs warn that the trail is extremely difficult. If you continue, a posted checklist suggests at least a liter of water per person. And if you39。re still not stopped, another sign farther up declares: If you39。re halfway through your water, turn around! Unfortunately, many people to not take the warnings seriously. Fortunate y, Scott Cullymore does. The 53yearold Cullymore can be found hiking up and down Camelback a couple of times a day, giving out cold bottles of water to wornout hikers. He has helped hydrate so many hikers that he has earned a heavenly nickname: the Water Angel. Cullymore was on Camelback Mountain one day in 2015 when a British tourist died after being lost for nearly six hours in the July heat. That experience inspired him to start helping people caught unaware by the cruelty of Mother Nature. They underestimate the mountain, and they overestimate what they can do, and they get themselves in trouble. he warned. One hiker who was offered water agrees. You think you know the heat, but then you get out here in the desert and it surrounds you like a blanket, said Austin Hill, who was hiking with a high school friend. They were lucky, he said pointing to Cullymore. We ran into this Good Samaritan here. And with that, the Water Angel goes in search of another hiker in need.（1）What is the first paragraph mainly about? A.The risks involved in the hiking.B.The seriousness of the warnings.C.The distribution of signs that warn hikers.D.The influence of the temperature on hikers.（2）Why did some hikers on Camelback Mountain get in trouble? A.They were not well trained in hiking.B.They forgot to take enough water with them.C.They were too optimistic about the situation.D.They were not fit enough to hike the mountain.（3）What can we know about Austin Hill? A.He agreed to help others.B.He was saved by Cullymore.C.He hiked alone in the desert.D.He regretted taking a blanket.（4）What is the best title for the text? A.The Camelback MountainB.Surviving the HeatC.Hikers in NeedD.The Water Angel【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）B（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，遠足者低估夏日的Camelback Mountain 同時高估自己的能力，所以在遠足途中遇到麻煩，Cullymore了解情況后決定幫助他們。Cullymore通過在炎炎夏日給那些遠足者提供水而被人們親切地稱為“水天使”。 （1）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第一段中的”From June to September, the temperature can easily surpass the century mark“；”Signs warn that the trail is ‘extremely difficult’“；”If you continue, a posted checklist suggests at least a liter of water per person. “和“If you39。re halfway through your water, turn around!”可知在夏天去Camelback Mountain遠足是非常艱難的，原因有兩個：一個是溫度很高，另一個是水。 故選A。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的”They underestimate the mountain, and they overestimate what they can do, and they get themselves in trouble.“可知人們低估了這座山，同時高估了自己的能力，因此他們陷入麻煩中，即對情況感到過于樂觀導致他們涉險。故選C。