【正文】 variety of diseases. Why did they win? Oxygen is the lifeblood of living organisms(生物體), said Dr. George Daley, dean of Harvard Medical School. Without oxygen, cells can39。t survive. But too much or too little oxygen can be deadly. The three researchers tried to answer this question: How do cells regulate their responses? The investigators uncovered detailed genetic responses to changing oxygen levels that allow cells in the bodies of humans and other animals to sense and respond to fluctuations(波動), increasing and decreasing how much oxygen they receive. Why is the work important? The discoveries reveal the cellular mechanisms that control such things as adaptation to high altitudes and how cancer cells manage to hijack(攫取) oxygen. Randall Johnson, a member of the Nobel Assembly, described the work as a textbook discovery and said it would be something students would start learning at the most basic levels of biology education. This is a basic aspect of how a cell works, and I think from that standpoint alone it39。s a very exciting thing. Johnson said. The research also has implications for treating various diseases in which oxygen is in short supply — including anemia, heart attacks and strokes — as well as for treatment of cancers that are fed by and seek out oxygen.（1）This research has won the Nobel Prize mainly because ____________. A.there was no research of this kind in the pastB.oxygen is the lifeblood of living thingsC.it has uncovered how cells sense and respond to changes in oxygen levelsD.various diseases will be cured with the help of the findings of the research（2）We can learn from the passage that _____________. A.The Nobel Prize was awarded to a physiologist on Monday in Sweden.B.Cancer cells manage to hijack oxygen and need oxygen to develop.C.The more oxygen there is in blood, the healthier a living body will be.D.The genetic mechanisms have been found that allow oxygen to adapt to cells.（3）Which of the following can best explain the underlined word in the text? A.used for textbooksB.powerful and authoritativeC.typical as a perfect exampleD.basic and clear（4）In which part of The New York Times can you find this article? A.EntertainmentB.CultureC.TechnologyD.Science【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道，介紹了2019年諾貝爾生理學或醫(yī)學獎聯(lián)合授予了三位科學家，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了細胞如何感知并適應氧氣變化的含量。這是一項具有開創(chuàng)性的發(fā)現(xiàn)，為抗擊貧血、癌癥和許多其他疾病的新策略鋪平了道路。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“…for their work on how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability.”以表彰他們在細胞感知和適應氧氣供應的適應性方面所做的工作?？芍@項研究之所以獲得諾貝爾獎，主要是因為它揭示了細胞如何感知和響應氧氣水平的變化。故選C。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Why is the work important?部分中的“The discoveries reveal the cellular mechanisms that control such things as adaptation to high altitudes and how cancer cells manage to hijack(攫取) oxygen.”這些發(fā)現(xiàn)揭示了細胞機制，這些機制控制著對高海拔環(huán)境的適應，以及癌細胞是如何攫取氧氣的。可知癌細胞設法攫取氧氣并需要氧氣來發(fā)育。故選B。 （3）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù) Why is the work important?部分中的“it would be something students would start learning at the most basic levels of biology education”它將是學生在最基礎的生物教育階段就開始學習的東西，可知Randall Johnson稱這項研究是很典型的發(fā)現(xiàn)，是教科書式的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故可知劃線單詞意思為典型的，故選C。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“(The New York Times, ) The 2019 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine was jointly awarded to three scientists — William G. Kaelin Jr., Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza — for their work on how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability.”(《紐約時報》10月7日報道)2019年諾貝爾生理學或醫(yī)學獎聯(lián)合授予了三位科學家——William G. Kaelin Jr.、Peter J. Ratcliffe和Gregg L. Semenza，以表彰他們在細胞感知和適應氧氣供應方面所做 的工作。）以及文章的主要內(nèi)容圍繞他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)，可知你可以在《紐約時報》的科學版上找到這篇文章。故選D。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇新聞報道，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。9．閱讀理解 What kind of rubbish are you? This question might normally cause anger, but in Shanghai it was brought about weary plaints over the past few months. On July 1st, the city introduced strict rubbishsorting regulations that are expected to be used as a model for our country. Citizens must divide their waste into four separate categories and put it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to ensure that rules are obeyed and to examine the nature of one39。s rubbish. Violators could be hit with fines of up to 200 yuan ($29). For repeat violators, the city can add black marks to their credit records, making it harder for them to obtain hank loans or even buy train tickets. Shanghai authorities are responding to obvious environmental problem. It produces 9 million tons of garbage a year. But like other cities in china, it lacks a recycling system. Instead, it has relied on rubbish pickers to pick out whatever can be reused. This has limits. As people get wealthier, fewer of them want to do such dirty work. The waste, meanwhile, just keeps piling up. China produces 80 billion pairs of oneoff chopsticks a year. Many citizens appear to support the idea of recycling in general but are frustrated by the details. Rubbish must be divided according to whether it is food, recyclable, dry or hazardous(有害的), the distinctions among which can be confusing, though there are apps to help work it out. Some have plained about the rules surrounding food waste. They must put it straight in the required public bin, forcing them to tear open plastic bags and toss(投擲）it by hand, Most annoying are the short periods for throwing trash, typically a couple of hours, morning and evening. Along with the monitors at the bins, this means that people go at around the same time and can keep an eye on what is being thrown out。 no one wants to look bad.（1）What39。s the purpose of Paragraph 1? A.To plain about rubbish dividing.B.To explain the four categories of the waste.C.To introduce the rules on