【正文】 people point a phone toward a nearby bus stop, the phone immediately shows all bus lines that sever the stop as well as their arrival times 可知，如果人們用手機(jī)指向一個附近的公交車站，手機(jī)就會馬上展示出所有的會在這站停的公交車路線。由此可推知，智能系統(tǒng)在交通控制（traffic controlling）方面有所應(yīng)用。D項，由第四段第二句 If people point a phone toward a nearby bus stop, the phone immediately shows all bus lines that sever the stop as well as their arrival times 可知，如果人們用手機(jī)指向一個附近的公交車站，手機(jī)就會馬上展示出所有的會在這站停的公交車路線。由此可推知，智能系統(tǒng)在公共交通（public transportation）方面有所應(yīng)用。故正確答案為B。 （4）主旨?xì)w納題。A項，意為“電子科技幫助提升了城市規(guī)劃”，只在第一段中有所提及。故A項錯誤。B項，意為“智能城市使我們未來的生活更好更智能”，文章主要對智能城市進(jìn)行了基本介紹，又通過迪比克和桑坦德的例子介紹了智能城市為生活所帶來的便捷。故B項正確。C項，意為“智能城市在迪比克和桑坦德非常普遍”，文章第三段和第四段主要介紹了智能應(yīng)用在兩座城市中的應(yīng)用，并沒有提到普及型。故C項錯誤。D項，意為“西班牙和美國在建設(shè)智能城市方面處于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位”，文章提到美國的迪比克是第一個智能城市，西班牙也采用了智能城市，但是并沒有提到領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。故D項錯誤。故正確答案為B。 【點評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題和主旨題三種常考題型，細(xì)節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息；主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。8．閱讀理解 My 14yearold son, John, and I saw the coat at the same time in a secondhand clothing store. It stood out among big and old coats. It was so beautiful and had an unbelievable price, $ 28. I looked at my son and we both said nothing, but John39。s eyes shone. Dark, woolen coats were popular with teenage boys, but new ones could cost several hundred dollars. This coat was even better. John tried it on and turned from side to side, eyeing himself in the mirror. It fit him so well. John wore the coal to school the next clay. After he came home, I asked. Did the kids like your coat? They loved it, he said with a big grin. Over the next few weeks, John changed. He was polite, less argumentative, more thoughtful, and much happier. Good dinner, Mom, he would say every evening. Without a word of plaining, he would carry in wood for the stove. One day when I suggested that he might start on his homework before dinner, John, who always put things off, said, You39。re right. I guess I will. When I mentioned this change to one of his teachers, she joked that the coat must have changed him. John and I both know we should never judge a person by his clothes. But it is true that when wearing beautiful and suitable clothes, we may try to be better in thought, speech and behavior to match what is on the inside to what is on the outside.（1）What can we learn from the first paragraph? A.The price of the coat was too high.B.John liked the coat very much.C.They often went shopping together.D.The writer didn39。t want to buy the coat.（2）What did John use to do when he was asked to study? A.Start at once.B.Put off his homework.C.Work hard on schoolwork.D.Carry in wood for the stove.（3）Which of the following changes did NOT happen to John after he wore the coat? A.He was willing to follow suggestions.B.He often helped to do some housework.C.He always worried about his study.D.He said sweet words to make his mother happy.（4）What does the writer want to say through this passage? A.What we wear could help shape who we are inside.B.Life is full of possibilities when we are young.C.We should not judge people by their appearance.D.It39。s a good choice to try different things in our lives.【答案】 （1）B（2）B（3）C（4）A 【解析】【分析】文章大意：短文通過講述兒子自從穿了一件新的衣服后，整個人發(fā)生了變化，變得禮貌了，更快樂，愿意聽從建議了，也愿意說些話讓作者高興了，從而得出結(jié)論，我們穿的衣服也會影響我們的內(nèi)在。 （1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中語句I looked at my son and we both said nothing, but John39。s eyes shone.可知他喜歡這件外套。故選B。 （2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中倒數(shù)第二段One day when I suggested that he might start on his homework before dinner, John, who always put things off???可知John經(jīng)常拖延做作業(yè)，故選B。 （3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段John changed．He was polite，less argumentative，more thoughtful，and much happier．Good dinner，mom．he would say every evening．Without a word of plaining，he would carry in wood for the stove．約翰變了，他彬彬有禮，不愛爭論，更體貼，更快樂．晚餐好，媽媽．他每天晚上都會這樣說．一句怨言也沒有，他就會把木頭放到爐子里．可知，C選項他總是擔(dān)心他的學(xué)習(xí)．，沒發(fā)生，故選C。 （4）主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的總結(jié)But it is true that when wearing beautiful and suitable clothes, we may try to be better in thought, speech and behavior to match what is on the inside to what is on the ，作者想告訴我們，我們穿什么衣服可以幫助塑造我們是誰。故選A。 【點評】考查閱讀理解。本文考查細(xì)節(jié)題和主旨題等?？碱}型，細(xì)節(jié)題要注意從文中抓住關(guān)鍵詞尋找答案；主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出主題句。9．閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。 How Much Can We Afford to Forget? In 2018, Science magazine asked some young scientists what schools should teach students. Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and have more space for creative activities. As the Internet grows more powerful, students can access （獲得） knowledge easily. Why should they be required to carry so much of it around in their heads? Civilizations （文明） develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary. In the Agricultural （農(nóng)業(yè)的） Age, a farmer could afford to forget hunting skills. When societies industrialized, the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget. Nowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowledge. It seems that we no longer need to remember most things. Does it matter? Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen. For one, human beings have biases （偏見）, and smart machines are likely to increase our biases. Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process. In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers. Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information. When there were no puters, efforts were required to get knowledge from other people, or go to the library. We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books, and what lies in our heads. But today, the Internet gives us the information we need quickly. This can lead to the mistaken belief—the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along. In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence, we have easy access to smart memory networks where information is stored. But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily. The collapse of any of the networks of relations our wellbeing （健康） depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce terrible results. Without food we get hungry。 without energy we feel cold. And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age. We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills. As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks, and can be found when we need them, perhaps they39。re not really forgotten. Still, as time goes on, we gradually but unquestionably bee strangers to future people.（1）Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases? A.Because they go off course in testing and scoring.B.Because we control the training process on them.C.Because we offer them