【正文】 how much sleep are the rest of us losing?（1）What do we learn about the Russians regarding sleep? don39。t fall asleep until very late. don39。t sleep much on weekends. get less sleep on public holidays. sleep longer than people elsewhere.（2）The underlined word deprivation in the last paragraph but one means_______. （3）Why do some rich people use a tool to record their sleep patterns? want to get more sleep. have trouble falling asleep. are involved in a sleep research. want to go to bed on regular hours.（4）What does the author imply in the last paragraph? is important to study our sleep patterns. people really know the importance of sleep. does harm to people39。s health. people probably sleep more than the rich.【答案】 （1）C（2）D（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，人們熬夜或早起的原因各不相同。從收集到的數(shù)據(jù)來看，體育賽事、時間改變、假期等因素讓我們失去最多的睡眠。這個數(shù)據(jù)令人震驚，然而卻幾乎沒人意識到睡眠對我們是多么的重要。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Russia39。s late nights and early mornings generally correspond to public holidays. On New Year39。s Eve, Russians have the world39。s latest bedtime, hitting the hay at around 3:30 a. m.”在公共假日，俄羅斯人通常熬夜和早起。除夕之夜，俄羅斯人有了世界上最遲的就寢時間，大約凌晨3點30分睡覺。可知，俄羅斯人在公共假期睡的非常少。故選C。 （2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“The worst night for sleep in the U. K. was the night of the EnglandItaly match on June 14. Brits stayed up a halfhour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning”接著講述世界杯期間，英國人比平常晚睡半小時又比平常早起，可知由于世界杯賽時很多人的睡眠少了，即世界杯是造成英國人睡眠不足的主要原因?？赏浦猻tayed up a halfhour later to watch it,… woke up earlier than usual the next morning和loss關(guān)系。故選D。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“…. not everyone has a tool to record their sleep patterns。 in some of these nations, it39。s likely that only the richest people do. And people who select to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person.”不是每個人都有記錄睡眠模式的工具；在這些國家中，可能只有最富有的人才會這樣做。選擇跟蹤自己睡眠的人可能會試圖比普通人睡得更多。可知，一些富人使用工具來記錄他們的睡眠模式就是為了比一般人睡的多點。故選A。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Even if that39。s the case, though, the above findings are still striking. If the most healthconscious among us have such deep swings in our shuteye levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing?”盡管如此，上述發(fā)現(xiàn)仍然令人震驚。如果我們當中最有健康意識的人一年中的睡眠水平有如此劇烈的波動，那么我們其余的人會失去多少睡眠呢？可推斷出，很少有人意識到睡眠的重要性，故選B。 【點評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解 I can39。t stop looking at my phone, but I39。m not alone. Over billion people have smartphones now, and a lot of them are having a hard time putting them down. The problem is, out devices are designed to be addicting. But if you understand the tricks that grab your attention, you can learn to have a healthier relationship with your phone. It starts with turning off all notifications(推送通知), except when a real human is trying to reach you. But a lot of today39。s apps simulate the feeling of that kind of social interaction, to get you to spend more time on their platform. If Facebook sends you a push notification that a friend is interested in an event near you, they39。re essentially acting like a puppet master, taking advantage of your desire for social connections so that you use the app more. Today you can get notifications from any app on your phone. So, every time you check it, you get this grab bag of notifications that can make you feel a broad variety of emotions. If it wasn39。t for random, if it was predictably bad or predictably good, then you would not get addicted. That39。s the same logic behind slot machines(老虎機). Some apps even copy the process of pulling a slot machine lever with the “pull to refresh” feature. Those apps are usually capable of continuously updating content, but the pull action provides an addicting illusion of control over that process. Then, you have to make your screen grayer. The easiest way to attract your eye39。s attention on a screen is through color. In eyetracking tests, human eyes gravitate(被吸引)particularly to bright red. That39。s why so many apps have redesigned their icons to be brighter, bolder, and warmer over the years. It39。s also why notification bubbles are red. So just noticing that if I take out the color, it changes some of the addictiveness. Finally, restrict your home screen to everyday tools. Make sure that your home screen, when you unlock it, doesn39。t have anything except for the inthemoment tools that help you like live your life. If you39。re not sure what counts as a bottomless vortex(漩渦)of stuff, it helps to filter out apps that use infinite scrolling. Infinite scrolling continuously loads new material so there39。s no builtin endpoint. Video autoplay works in a similar way. These interfaces create a frictionless experience, but they also create a user39。s sense of control and make it harder to stop. Technology might not always look harmful. There are ideas for alternative interfaces that give you functional choices and are more transparent about how much time you39。ll lose with one action, versus another. But it39。s a really deep philosophical question: what is genuinely worth your attention? Do people even know how to answer that question? It39。s a really hard question, it39。s not something we think about. But, for now, it39。s a question that everybody needs to start asking.（1）Which is the most accurate word to replace the underlined word essentially? （2）What does the author mean by mentioning slot machine? can probably predict what the notification is before checking their phones. can do gambling on the internet legally.39。re a lot of similarities between apps and slot machines.39。s unpredictability that makes phones addicting.（3）From the end of the article we can know that ______. the interfaces are not extremely addicting users are not enabled to choose but to waste time on technology39。s philosophers39。 job to reflect on the value of technology in information age development of technology cannot be changed back to the way they were before（4）We can learn from the passage that the author39。s attitude to technolog