【正文】 ay the best. The trophy has to stand for something, Dweck told TFK. If we give a trophy to everyone, then the award has no value. Dweck argues that giving kids trophies for particular reasons, such as improving in a sport, teaches kids that adults value hard work and trying our best. Others say that there39。s no harm in giving awards to all kids who play a sport, regardless of how they played or whether or not they improved. I think we should encourage kids39。 participation in sports, says Kenneth Barish, a psychology professor at Weill Cornell Medical College, in New York City. A trophy is one way to encourage kids39。 efforts. Barish argues that when we single out only the best or even the most improved players with a trophy, we are teaching kids the wrong lesson. We are sending the message that winning is everything. Winning is only part of the equation (等式), Barish told TFK. Playing sports also teaches kids about teamwork and the importance of exercise. There will be plenty of opportunities for kids to learn about petition as they get older, says Barish. They39。ll soon realize that only one soccer team wins the World Cup and only one football team wins the Super Bowl. For now, he thinks there39。s nothing wrong with letting all kids who play a sport feel like winners. That means trophies for everyone.（1）According to Carol Dweck, which player should receive a trophy? , the most attractive player of the soccer team., a soccer player who is both clever and funny., who is ready to help his partners to score goals., a soccer player who tries his best to win the game（2）Which of the following statements would Kenneth Barish agree with? is no sense in giving a trophy to everyone. fond of playing sports should be rewarded. should be given trophies for trying their best. is necessary to encourage kids39。 participation in sports.（3）The underlined phrase single out in Paragraph 6 probably means ________． （4）What is the best title of the passage? deserves a trophy? kids deserve a trophy does a trophy deserve? player deserves a trophy【答案】 （1）C（2）D（3）B（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文。如果孩子參加體育比賽，那么是不是每個(gè)人都該得到獎(jiǎng)杯呢？作者就這個(gè)問(wèn)題給出了兩種不同的看法。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“She suggests trophies go to the most improved player, or the one who contributed most to the team spirit, as well as to those who play the best.”可知，斯坦福大學(xué)的心理學(xué)教授Carol Dweck認(rèn)為，進(jìn)步最大的、對(duì)團(tuán)隊(duì)精神貢獻(xiàn)最多的和表現(xiàn)最佳的運(yùn)動(dòng)員都應(yīng)獲獎(jiǎng)。故選C。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“I think we should encourage kids39。 participation in sports,” says Kenneth Barish, a psychology professor at Weill Cornell Medical College, in New York City. “A trophy is one way to encourage kids39。 efforts.”可知，紐約市威爾康乃爾醫(yī)學(xué)院的心理學(xué)教授Kenneth Barish認(rèn)為，我們應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)孩子參加體育活動(dòng)，頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)杯就是一種激勵(lì)方式。故選D。 （3）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第六段中的“Barish argues that when we single out only the best or even the most improved players with a trophy, we are teaching kids the wrong lesson. We are sending the message that winning is everything.”可知，Barish認(rèn)為，當(dāng)我們挑選出最佳球員或進(jìn)步最大的球員并授予他們獎(jiǎng)杯的時(shí)候，我們給孩子們傳遞了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的信號(hào)：獲勝就是一切。因此劃線詞組 single out意為“挑出”。故選B。 （4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段“You signed up for soccer, and played every game of the season. Sure, you39。re not the best player on the team, but most days you gave it your all. Do you deserve a trophy (獎(jiǎng)杯)?”你報(bào)名參加了足球比賽，參加了本賽季的每一場(chǎng)比賽。當(dāng)然，你不是隊(duì)里最好的球員，但大多數(shù)時(shí)候你都是全力以赴。你應(yīng)該得到一座獎(jiǎng)杯嗎?；和最后一段中的“For now, he thinks there39。s nothing wrong with letting all kids who play a sport feel like winners. That means trophies for everyone.”現(xiàn)在，他認(rèn)為讓所有參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的孩子都感覺(jué)自己是贏家并沒(méi)有什么錯(cuò)。這意味著每個(gè)人都有獎(jiǎng)杯，可知，本文主要論述了是不是每個(gè)參加比賽的人都該得到獎(jiǎng)杯。故選A。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，推理判斷和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解 Mistakes are a part of life. To err is human. Failure is also a part of life, not the end of life. Be happy facing life39。s challenges. When you make the effort to be happy and to improve your life, you are actually rewarded along the way. Life is like a game and maybe you can award(獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)) points for every effort that has been a success for you. Try it. Add ten points for every achievement. And when you have reached 50 points, just yell, Hey, I39。ve won! and give yourself a reward. If you happen to have missed your points for whatever reason, tell yourself, Well, I tried! which is better than not trying at all. Don39。t let it be said you didn39。t try. What is it that you want to make yourself happy? Actually happiness means different things to different people. For example, an athlete will be happy winning his first race. For a new mother happiness would be seeing her baby39。s first steps. Happiness for a poor person would mean having a meal just for today. So happiness for you is really something simple that you want for yourself. It really doesn39。t have to be big. As a matter of fact you should always have realistic expectations. Make the best out of every given situation. If you expect a certain result from a situation and it does not happen, don39。t get despondent. This just means trying harder next time. We all have in us the power to succeed. Don39。t let give up be a part of your vocabulary.（1）By saying To err is human, the author means that________. beings should try to avoid(避免) making mistakes one is perfect(完美的) and everyone makes mistakes and failures make up our life beings make mistakes easily（2）What39。s the main idea of Paragraph 2? to reach 50 points. stop trying in your life. yourself for your success39。t be afraid of missing your points.（3）The author proves his idea in Paragraph 3 through_________. （4）The underlined word despondent in the last paragraph means________. 【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，提醒人們?cè)诿鎸?duì)充滿酸甜苦辣的人生時(shí)， 在面對(duì)失敗，成功，歡樂(lè)，痛苦時(shí)人們應(yīng)該采取積極樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度。告誡人們要知道“人非圣賢孰能無(wú)過(guò)”， 要坦然面對(duì)失敗和錯(cuò)誤，要如何去獲得快樂(lè)和幸福。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Mistakes are a part of life.”可知錯(cuò)誤是人生的一部分，人人都會(huì)犯錯(cuò)，故選B。 （2）考查段落大意。在第二段中作者建議人們?nèi)〉贸删偷臅r(shí)候要給自己獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，沒(méi)能實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)時(shí)要安慰自己“至少努力過(guò)了”。第二段中的“Life is like a game and maybe you can award(獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)) points for every effort that has been a success for you.“；為主題句，故選C。 （3）考查推理判斷。作者首先提出本段中心：Actually happiness means different things to different people. 然后舉例說(shuō)明”For example……”,由此判斷作者在本段使用了例證的方法，選A。 （4）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)最后一段中的“If you expect a certain result from a situation and it does not happen”可以推斷如果期望的結(jié)果沒(méi)有發(fā)生，人們會(huì)感到沮喪或者失望，故選B。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，推理判斷和段落大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一