【正文】 ir sense of hearing.D.To show that people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor.（4）What can we infer from the passage? A.Active learning is less important.B.Passive learning may not be reliable.C.Active learning occurs more frequently.D.Passive learning is not found among scholars.【答案】 （1）C（2）D（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文主要主要介紹了被動(dòng)獲得知識(shí)所存在的一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題——被告知的可能是謠言。并用現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中簡(jiǎn)單的事說明。 （1）推理判斷題。由文章第二段we achieve knowledge passively by being told by some of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV of read newspaper or magazines is passive可知被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)是通過別人告訴獲取知識(shí)，而A做實(shí)驗(yàn)；B解決數(shù)學(xué)問題；D做科學(xué)推理都是主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)，故選C。 （2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)it 所在句We are used to passive learning, and it39。s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday munication with friends and coworkers可知這我們依賴的是前句所提的被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)，故選D。 （3）推理判斷題。通過第三段最后一句Typically, the original message has ，信息原始的意思已經(jīng)改變了。和第二段最后一句話It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and ，有時(shí)候甚至是傳聞或者謠言?？芍恼孪胍嬖V我們信息在傳遞的過程中發(fā)生了變化。故選A。 （4）推理判斷題。A、C兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)說的是主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)，文中沒有提到，D選項(xiàng)說被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)在學(xué)者中不會(huì)出現(xiàn)，這和最后一段第一句This process is also found among scholars and authors不符合，而根據(jù)第二段和第三段可知人們傳遞信息到最后時(shí)，信息的原始意思已經(jīng)改變了，故得出被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)不可靠，故選B。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及推理判斷題，需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出所需要的信息，也可以利用排除法，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。7．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. After I was married and had lived in Japan for while, my Japanese gradually improved to the point where I could take part in simple conversations with my husband and his friends and family. And I began to notice that often, when I joined in, the others would look surprised, and the conversational topic would e to a stop. After this happened several times, it became clear to me that I was doing something wrong. But for a long time, I didn39。t know what it was. Finally, after listening carefully to many Japanese conversations, I discovered what my problem was. Even though I was speaking Japanese, I was handling the conversation in a Western way. A Westernstyle conversation between two people is like a game of tennis. If I introduce a topic, a conversational ball, I expect you to hit it back. If you agree with me, I don39。t expect you simply to agree and do nothing more. I expect you to add somethinga reason for agreeing, another example, or a detailed explanation to carry the idea further. But I don39。t expect you always to agree. I am just as happy if you question me, or challenge me, or pletely disagree with me. Whether you agree or disagree, your response will return the ball to me. A Japanesestyle conversation, however, is not at all like tennis or volleyball. It39。s like bowling. You wait for your turn. And you always know your place in line. It depends on such things as whether you are older or younger, a close friend or a relative stranger to the previous speaker, in a senior or junior position, and so on. When your turn es, you step up to the starting line with your bowling ball and carefully bowl it. Everyone else stands back and watches politely, murmuring encouragement. Everyone waits until the ball has reached the end of the alley（球場(chǎng)）and watches to see if it knocks down all the pins, or only some of them, or none of them. There is a pause, while everyone registers your score. Then, after everyone is sure that you have pletely finished your turn, the next person in line steps up to the same starting line, with a different ball. He doesn39。t return your ball, and he does not begin from where your ball stopped. And there is always a suitable pause between turns. There is no rush, no scramble for the ball. If you have been trained all your life to play one game, it is no simple matter to switch to another, even if you know the rules. Knowing the rules is not at all the same thing as playing the game.（1）The author makes all of the following arguments EXCEPT that _____. A.Japanesestyle conversations are like bowling.B.westernstyle conversations are like tennis or volleyballC.in Japanesestyle conversations, you must wait your turn to speakD.westernstyle conversations are longer than Japanesestyle conversations（2）The author39。s purpose in writhing this article is to _____. A.instructB.entertainC.jokeD.criticize（3）The main idea of the article is _______. A.people talk differently in Japan than in the WestB.it39。s important to take part in conversationsC.talking with someone from another country proves difficultD.it39。s rude to interrupt someone who is speaking【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，作者結(jié)合自己的切身經(jīng)歷談?wù)摿巳帐降恼勗捄臀魇降恼勗挼牟煌帲纱烁嬖V我們與來自另一個(gè)國(guó)家的人交談是困難的。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“A Japanesestyle conversation, however, is not at all like tennis or volleyball. It39。s like bowling. You wait for your turn.”可知，日式的談話不像打網(wǎng)球或排球，而像打保齡球，你需要等著輪到你，由此可知，日式的談話比西式的時(shí)間要長(zhǎng)，故選D。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，作者結(jié)合自己的切身經(jīng)歷告訴我們?nèi)帐降恼勗捄臀魇降恼勗挼牟煌帲纱丝芍?，作者寫這篇文章的目的就是為了給大家一些指導(dǎo)，注意與來自另一個(gè)國(guó)家的人交談時(shí)談話方式的差異，故選A。 （3）考查主旨大意。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，作者結(jié)合自己的切身經(jīng)歷談?wù)摿巳帐降恼勗捄臀魇降恼勗挼牟煌?，由此告訴我們與來自另一個(gè)國(guó)家的人交談是困難的，故選C。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解 How far would you go for your kids education? That39。s a question many parents are asking in the wake of the college cheating scandal(丑聞)involving 38 wealthy parents around the country, including actresses Lori Loughlin and Felicity Huffman. Here39。s how far I went. In the fall of 2017 my husband and I lost our jobs. We had to tell our daughter, Casey, that we couldn39。t afford to send her back to school for her junior year at Fordham University. We decided the best choice for our family would be for Casey to sit out a year. We promised that we would get her back the following year. Casey decided to spend the year volunteering in South Afri