【正文】 0。B.happiness and biological evolutionC.immune function and healthD.optimism and length of life（3）What can be concluded from Robert Trivers39。 study? A.Younger people adopt strategies of handling tense situations from everyday life.B.Our ancestors evolved their immune systems in fighting against fierce animals.C.Realizing that their days are numbered, older people prefer being positive.D.Being negative drains energy from our body, lowering resistance to disease.（4）Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A.Brain, muscles and immune systemB.Age, health and happinessC.Ancestors, emergency and evolutionD.Energy, effort and response【答案】 （1）C（2）D（3）D（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，研究表明，老年人往往會(huì)記住生活中積極的事物，而不是消極的事物。十年前作者與生物學(xué)家羅伯特特里弗斯合作研究身體是如何使用能量的，他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)解釋了這一現(xiàn)象。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“We have an enormous number of immune cells coursing through our body, a momentary break from production is fine. So, when our body needs extra energy, one of the places it goes is our immune function.”可知我們的身體里有大量的免疫細(xì)胞，暫時(shí)停止運(yùn)作是可以的。因此，當(dāng)我們的身體需要額外的能量時(shí)，（我們的身體）會(huì)去找免疫系統(tǒng)。由此可以推斷，免疫系統(tǒng)會(huì)暫時(shí)停止來(lái)為身體提供額外的能量。選C。 （2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的 being more focused on the positive things in life in an effort to enhance their immune functioning. 可知老人們更加關(guān)注生活中積極的事物，是為了增強(qiáng)他們的免疫功能。也就是說(shuō)積極與免疫功能之間有關(guān)系，越積極，免疫功能越強(qiáng)，就能活得越久，所有選項(xiàng)中D項(xiàng)（樂(lè)觀與壽命）之間最切題，故選D。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的As a result, our immune system evolved to run in maximum amounts when we39。re happy, but to slow down dramatically when we39。re not.可知當(dāng)我們快樂(lè)時(shí)，我們的免疫系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化到最大程度，但是當(dāng)我們不快樂(lè)時(shí)，免疫系統(tǒng)會(huì)減弱。由此推斷，消極會(huì)消耗我們身體的能量，降低對(duì)疾病的抵抗力。選D。 （4）考查主旨大意。作者開(kāi)頭提出老年人更關(guān)注積極的事情，后文提到積極的情緒會(huì)增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)，所以本文主要講的是年齡，健康與積極的情緒之間的關(guān)系，選B。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測(cè)和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解 In 1953, a mountain climber reported seeing a barheaded goose soar over the peak of Mount Everest (珠穆朗瑪). It was thought impossible. Now researchers who raised 19 of the geese—named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads—have shown the birds really fly so high. The team trained the youngsters to fly in a large wind tunnel wearing backpacks and face masks full of sensors that recorded their heart rate. blood oxygen levels, temperature, and metabolic rate—how many calories they burned per hour. The researchers simulated(模擬)10w, medium, and highaltitude conditions by altering the concentration of oxygen supplied to face masks worn by each goose as it flew in the tunnel. Birds already have a better heart and lungs than mammals for sustained physical activity. And researchers knew that barheaded geese have even larger, thinner lungs that let them breathe more deeply and an even bigger heart to pump more oxygen to muscles than other birds. The wind tunnel experiments showed that when the concentration of oxygen was at its lowestlike the 7% found on top of Mount Everest versus 21% at sea level—the geese39。s heart rate and frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their metabolic rate dropped. Somehow, the birds managed to cool down their bloodthe measured blood temperature dropped so it could take in more oxygen, the researchers report today in eLife. This cooling likely helps pensate for the very thin air, the team says. Although well trained, the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutesor less when wearing their backpacks and flying at 6ihigh altitudes. So it39。s not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest. But those few minutes showed these geese really could fly over the top of Mount Everest.（1）Why did the researchers raise 19 barheaded geese and train them? A.To test the flying height and speed of them.B.To confirm they could fly over Mount Everest.C.To observe them flying through the wind tunnel.D.To see how many calories they burned per hour.（2）What can we learn from the wind tunnel experiment? A.It was carried out at very high altitude.B.The geese managed to breathe less when their blood decreased.C.The geese could live through the lowest concentration of oxygen.D.It shows the geese could fly at high altitude for long.（3）What still puzzles scientists about the geese? A.Whether they have super hearts and lungs.B.Whether they have muscles pumped more oxygen to.C.Whether they are willing to wear backpacks and face masks.D.Whether they can manage to fly 8 hours to climb over Mount Everest.（4）Where does the text most probably e from? A.A science fiction.B.A climbing guide.C.A travel brochure.D.A science report.【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）D（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，登山者報(bào)告說(shuō)看到一只長(zhǎng)頸鵝翱翔在珠穆朗瑪峰的頂峰，為了確認(rèn)其真實(shí)性，研究人員養(yǎng)了18只這種鵝，在大型風(fēng)洞中訓(xùn)練它們飛行。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)這種鵝可以在氧氣極低的情況下飛行，但停留時(shí)間只有幾分鐘，因此能否飛過(guò)珠峰尚不明確。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的In 1953, a mountain climber reported seeing a barheaded goose soar over the peak of Mount Everest. It was thought impossible. 報(bào)道說(shuō)，一名登山者看到一只斑頭鵝飛過(guò)珠穆朗瑪峰。人們認(rèn)為這是不可能的；以及 Now researchers who raised 19 of the geesenamed for the black stripes on the backs of their headshave shown the birds really fly so high.現(xiàn)在研究人員飼養(yǎng)了這種鵝，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這些鵝真的飛得很高。再根據(jù)最后一段中的So it39。s not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest. But those few minutes showed these geese really could fly over the top of Mount Everest.但是否能讓這種鵝飛8小時(shí)爬上珠穆朗瑪峰尚不清楚。由此可推斷出研究人員飼養(yǎng)這種鵝是為了證實(shí)這種鵝是否能飛過(guò)珠峰。故選B。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的The wind tunnel experiments showed that when the concentration of oxygen ...the geese39。s heart rate and frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their metabolic rate dropped....the researchers report today in elife. This cooling likely helps p可知 風(fēng)洞實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，當(dāng)氧氣濃度最低時(shí)，鵝的心率和翅膀搏動(dòng)頻率保持不變，即使它們的新陳代謝率下降。研究人員今天在《伊利費(fèi)》雜志上報(bào)道說(shuō)，...這種降溫可能有助于補(bǔ)償空氣的稀??；第五段中的Although well trained, the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutesor less ... 盡管訓(xùn)練有素，但這些鳥(niǎo)只愿意在空中呆上幾分鐘。這兩處綜合推斷出，鵝可以在最低濃度的氧氣中生存。故選C。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的So it39。s not clear whether these adaptations alone are wh