【正文】 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了營養(yǎng)指南對地球也有利。通過膳食指南，似乎可以減輕對環(huán)境的傷害，人類自己也可以過上健康的生活，二者可以兼得。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的 What we found is that impacts vary across nations, but in the high173。impact nations, in general, you can see that, if you follow a nationally remended diet, despite the fact that these diets don39。t mention explicitly—or most of them don39。t explicitly mention—environmental impacts, that you are going to have lower environmental impacts due to that.” 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)（營養(yǎng)膳食指南的）影響因國家而異，但總的來說，在影響力較大的國家，如果你遵循國家推薦的膳食指南，即使這些膳食并未明晰對環(huán)境的影響，或者大多數(shù)膳食沒有明確說明這一點，但是你對環(huán)境的影響會因為遵循指南而減輕。由此推斷出 并非所有國家都以明確的方式推薦飲食 ，這個觀點Paul Behrens會贊成，故選C。 （2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“A third of the ice173。free land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all human173。caused greenhouse gas emissions. Fertilizer runoff also leads to other problems, like the algae blooms in Lake Eerie and the Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico.”地球上三分之一的無冰區(qū)被用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，根據(jù)一些估算，食物生產(chǎn)大約占到了人類造成的溫室氣體排放量的五分之一。肥料徑流也導致了其他問題，例如伊利湖的藻類爆發(fā)以及墨西哥灣的死亡區(qū)域。由此推斷出劃線詞所在的句子意思是我們所吃的食物給環(huán)境帶來了巨大代價。takes a big toll on固定短語，“付出了巨大的代價”，故選B。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“A third of the ice173。free land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all human173。caused greenhouse gas emissions.”地球上三分之一的無冰區(qū)被用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，根據(jù)一些估算，食物生產(chǎn)大約占到了人類造成的溫室氣體排放量的五分之一。由此可知。A選項的描述 糧食生產(chǎn)可導致約20%的人為造成的溫室氣體，而只使用了三分之一的無冰土地 正確，故選A。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。7．犇犇閱讀理解 Wolves strike fear into the hearts of many species, humans included. Our fear of them has brought them to the edge of dying out, as we have cruelly killed them as petitors and troublemakers. But researchers are discovering that the very fear they put into prey（被捕食者）species is exactly what helps make ecosystems（生態(tài)）healthy. Yellowstone National Park is a typical example of just how wolves can help repair an ecosystem. An October 2018 study analyzed 40 years of research on large animals inside the park. Yellowstone has benefited from the reintroduction of wolves in ways that we did not anticipate, especially the plexity of biological interactions（互動） in the park, explained Mark Boyce, a professor in the Department of Biological Sciences. We were really surprised at that and we39。d never have seen these responses if the park hadn39。t adopted ecologicalprocess management—allowing natural ecological processes to take place with least human intervention. After the wolves were reintroduced at Yellowstone, willow and cottonwood trees increased in number. The population of bears and bison also rose and what was once a ruling deerwolf interaction is now more diverse. To learn more about just how wolves are beneficial, a short documentary from Quest explains how the presence of wolves influences the behavior of deer, which eventually makes entire ecosystems more biologically diverse and healthy. In this documentary, biologist Aaron Wirsing explored why wolves and other top predators （捕食者）were needed for diverse ecosystems to develop. Using a simple video camera, Wirsing is gaining a unique view point on predatorprey relationships and changing the way we think about wolves. The research is one more piece of evidence for why protecting these top predators is important not just for wolves as a species, but for hundreds of species at every level of an ecosystem. The fear they bring along may be the very angle that helps save them from dying out.（1）What does the underlined word anticipate in paragraph 3 probably mean? A.Expect.B.Understand.C.Notice.D.Accept.（2）For what purpose was a documentary made? A.To introduce how wolves behave in the wild.B.To show how wolves benefit from ecosystems.C.To record how Aaron Wirsing observed wolves.D.To study what good wolves can do to ecosystems.（3）What is the significance of the research? A.It proves wolves feed on hundreds of species.B.It helps prove the importance of protecting wolves.C.It shows the plex relationships between species.D.It provides evidence that wolves are endangered animals.（4）What is the main idea of the passage? A.The fear of wolves is beneficial to ecosystems.B.The fear of wolves put them in danger of disappearing.C.Yellowstone National Park owes its healthy ecosystems to wolves.D.The introduction of wolves in Yellowstone National Park is a success.【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）B（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明人類以及其他動物對狼的恐懼對維持健康、平衡的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是有益的，其中黃石公園灰狼的引進就是一個典型的例子。 （1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的We were really surprised at that可知，黃石公園在意想不到的方面從重新引入狼中獲益。故選A。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“To learn more about just how wolves are beneficial, a short documentary from Quest explains how the presence of wolves influences the behavior of deer, which eventually makes entire ecosystems more biologically diverse and healthy.”可知，拍攝紀錄片的目的是了解狼是如何對生態(tài)有益的。故選D。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The research is one more piece of evidence for why protecting these top predators is important not just for wolves as a species, but for hundreds of species at every level of an ecosystem.”可知，這項研究再次證明了為什么保護這些食肉動物不僅對狼這個物種很重要，而且對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的各個層面的物種都很重要。故這項研究的意義在于它有助于證明保護狼的重要性。故選B。 （4）考查主旨大意。本文主要講述了人類以及其他動物對狼的恐懼對維持健康、平衡的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是有益的，因為食草動物不會過度繁殖，從而保護了植物的生長。故選A。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. Escaping predators (食肉動物), digestion and other animal activities—including those of humans—require oxygen. But that essential ingredient is no longer so easy for marine life to obtain, several new studies reveal. In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive—an alarming trend that is linked to climate chang