【正文】 swer is as simple as it is impossible: preventing people from municating. A more realistic response is equally difficult, although less than the first one. It is that we should be critical of the information we receive. We should ask ourselves if the source is reliable. Ask (if possible) the person you heard it from whether they also trust the information. We should also think about if the rumor benefits someone, and if that someone started the rumor. One rumor to be especially cautious of is a rumor about groups relatively unable to defend themselves. That39。s why we say, history is always told by the victors. The first payment the defeated must make is to accept the victor39。s version of the story.（1）What39。s the author39。s attitude towards rumors? ....（2）What can we learn about rumors? have all heard some and believed them.39。re happy to be the receiving end of them. may have negative influence on society. often hide good intentions in the messages.（3）How are rumors like trees? keep changing, just as trees change their color. are deeply rooted in reality, like tree roots in the earth. rumors have gaps, like the space between tree branches. rumors grow out of the original, like branches out of a trunk.（4）What does the underlined word viral in Paragraph 4 probably mean? easily spread acceptable easily defended. beneficial.（5）Which of the following may the author agree with? is easy to prevent people from spreading rumors. are often active in judging the rumors critically. should think about the hidden message of the rumors. told by the victors are usually better worth trusting.【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）D（4）A（5）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，介紹了什么是謠言，謠言的危害，特點及怎樣避免謠言。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“In more traditional times they shook entire families.”；第二段中的“The fact is that rumors have great potential to upset things, whether socially or personally.”；以及第四段中的“Another property of rumors is that they tend to bee viral.”等信息可知作者認為謠言會對個人生活和社會造成混亂，作者對謠言是批評的態(tài)度。故選A。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“The fact is that rumors have great potential to upset things, whether socially or personally.”可知謠言會對個人生活和社會造成混亂，給社會帶來不良影響。故選C。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Change: It acts like a tree. New rumors branch out to fill in the gaps left by the initial rumor.”把謠言比作樹，新謠言的出現(xiàn)填補了最初謠言留下的空白。這說明新的謠言從原來的地方冒出來，就像樹枝從樹干冒出來一樣。故選D。 （4）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第四段中的“Each receiver is at the same time a potential transmitter of the information. The receiver often adds their own opinion. Their manner and tone of transmitting it also changes it.”可知每個接收者同時又是信息潛在的發(fā)送者。接收者通常還會添加自己的觀點或改變信息。這是在說謠言的危害，像病毒一樣容易傳播。畫線的“viral”即指像病毒一樣容易傳播，故選A。 （5）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“It is that we should be critical of the information we receive. We should ask ourselves if the source is reliable. Ask (if possible) the person you heard it from whether they also trust the information. We should also think about if the rumor benefits someone, and if that someone started the rumor.”可知我們要理性對待謠言，核實信息的準確性，可信度，評估對別人的影響，即考慮謠言的背后信息。故選C。 【點評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解 As we reflect on the evolution of fitness over the centuries, and the emergence of a well organized and growing fitness market and industry, it is well to ask ourselves: what have we lost, and what have we gained? Obviously, much good has e out of these recent developments: there39。s widespread awareness of the importance of regular exercise, nearly every munity has a gym or fitness club where people can go or pay to work out, and we understand more about how the human body works. Yet despite the many health and fitness methods, programs, and resources, the general population has never been so physically sedentary (久坐的)and outofshape. A recent World Health Organization report indicates that life expectancy (壽命)in the U. S. dropped for the first time since 1993. The health of modem people is declining, despite highly advanced medical technologies and the booming health and fitness industry. How could that be? A large part of it is motivation. People are simply not as motivated to move their body and get healthy as they were in the past. We live in a society where the inability to operate one39。s body in a practical and effective manner is no longer an embarrassing condition. The fitness industry no matter how good each new program claims to be, has failed to get the majority of people to value, practice, and enjoy physical exercise. So, should we expect the answer to this dilemma to e from even more varied, or more technologically advanced programs and equipment? Or will the solution e from a different mindset, a simpler approach and practice, and overall a new culture?（1）What does the author tell us about fitness industry in paragraph 2? provides better technology. is supported by most people. brings about positive effects. costs people too much money.（2）What is the main reason why people fail to do physical exercise? enough equipment. of inner drive. instructions. living conditions.（3）What does the author seem to agree with? attitudes to fitness. on standard practice. more potential customers. to more advanced programs.（4）What is the best title for the text? in fitness about fitness of fitness of fitness【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）A（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，分析了健身市場的發(fā)展帶來的好處，盡管醫(yī)療技術(shù)高度發(fā)達，健康健身產(chǎn)業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展，但現(xiàn)代人的健康水平卻在下降。問題產(chǎn)生很大一部分原因是人們?nèi)狈?nèi)在動機。作者建議應(yīng)當改變對健康的態(tài)度。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Obviously, much good has e out of these recent developments: there39。s widespread awareness of the importance of regular exercise, nearly every munity has a gym or fitness club where people can go or pay to work out, and we understand more about how the human body works.”顯然，這些最新的發(fā)展帶來了很多好處:人們普遍意識到定期鍛煉的重要性，幾乎每個社區(qū)都有一個健身房或健身俱樂部，人們可以去那里或花錢去那里鍛煉，我們對人體如何工作了解得更多，可知健身產(chǎn)業(yè)帶來了積極的影響。故選C。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“A large part of it is motivation.”其中很大一部分是動機，可知人們不鍛煉身體的主要原因是缺乏動機或內(nèi)在驅(qū)動力。故選B。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Or will the solution e from a different mindset, a simpler approach and practice, and overall a new culture?”或者，解決方案將來自一個不同的心態(tài)，一個更簡單的方法和實踐，以及一個全新的文化?可推知作者似乎同意改變對健康的態(tài)度。故選A。 （4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段“As we reflect on the evolution of fitness over the centuries, and the emergence of a well organized and growing ‘fitness’ ma