【正文】 。B.make some mentsC.give us an exampleD.list some facts（3）When we enjoy a piece of sad music, A.we39。ll share the artist39。s feelings deeplyB.we may recall our miserable pastC.we may be reminded of particular joyD.we39。ll show mercy on the artist39。s life（4）What39。s the best title of the text? A.What music means to a music loverB.Why people love happy musicC.What kind of music is popularD.How music changes your life【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）B（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了音樂怎樣改變?nèi)藗兊纳?。?）考查推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Most people know that listening to music when they are feeling down or depressed can encourage their ，故答案選A。（2）考查主旨大意題。通讀第二段主要將了音樂能緩解人的緊張，接著通過舉例的方法來證明這一觀點(diǎn)，所以這一段主要是在舉例。故答案選C。（3）考查推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Music is mainly used to record emotion. When we listen to a piece of music we share the artist39。s feelings on a visceral（本來的）level. That can be sad, and who among us hasn39。t put on a painful love song to share in the misery after a bad breakup?可知音樂是用來記錄情感的，聽悲傷的音樂可以讓人回憶起悲傷的經(jīng)歷。故答案選B。（4）考查主旨大意題。根據(jù)每一段的第一句話music, especially certain tones can reduce stress；Music has also been shown not only to make you feel good, but also, to be a great motivator.；Music is mainly used to record ，故答案選D。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】主旨大意題解題技巧：1．首先要找出文章的主題句(Topic Sentence)，即中心思想，其他句子則為支撐句或擴(kuò)展句(Developing Details)，是用來闡述、解釋、支持或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想的。2．在許多文段中，沒有可以概括全段意義的主題句，必須根據(jù)文章中所提供的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)行全面分析，然后歸納成一般概念。但必須注意：既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過于寬泛，要恰如其分。8．閱讀理解 Norman Garmezy, a development psychologist at the University of Minnesota, met thousands of children in his four decades of research. A nineyearold boy in particular stuck with him. He has an alcoholic mother and an absent father. But each day he would walk in to school with a smile on his face. He wanted to make sure that no one would feel pity for him and no one would know his mother39。s inpetence.” The boy exhibited a quality Garmezy identified as “resilience”. Resilience presents a challenge for psychologists. People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) won39。t know how resilient they are. It39。s only when they39。re faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, es out. Some give in and some conquer. Garmezy39。s work opened the door to the study of the elements that could enable an individual39。s success despite the challenges they faced. His research indicated that some elements had to do with luck, but quite large set of elements was psychological, and had to do with how the children responded to the environment. The resilient children had what psychologists call an “internal lens of control(內(nèi)控點(diǎn))”. They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates. Ceorge Bonanno has been studying resilience for years at Columbia University39。s Teachers College. He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This difference might e from perception(認(rèn)知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(創(chuàng)傷), or as an opportunity to learn and grow. “Stressful” or “traumatic” events themselves don39。t have much predictive power when it es to life outes. Exposure to potentially traumatic events does not predict later functioning,” Bonanno said. It39。s only predictive if there39。s a negative response.” In other words, living through adversity doesn39。t guarantee that you39。ll suffer going forward. The good news is that positive perception can be taught. We can make ourselves more or less easily hurt by how we think about things, Bonanno said. In research at Columbia, the neuroscientist Kevin Ochsner has shown that teaching people to think of adversity in different waysto reframe it in positive terms when the initial response is negative, or in a less emotional way when the initial response is emotionally “hot”changes how they experience and react to the adversity.（1）According to the passage, resilience is an individual39。s ability________. A.to think criticallyB.to decide one39。s own fateC.to live a better lifeD.to recover from adversity（2）What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.The psychologistsB.The resilient childrenC.Positive elementsD.Internal locus of control（3）According to Paragraph 4, we can learn that____________. A.your positive perception may turn adversity aroundB.stressful events are more predictive than delightful eventsC.experiencing adversity predicts that you will go on sufferingD.a negative response doesn39。t guarantee you will suffer all the time（4）What is the author39。s purpose of writing this passage? A.To teach people how to be resilientB.To encourage people to live through adversityC.To indicate people39。s perception varies from each otherD.To pare different research findings about resilience【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）A（4）A 【解析】【分析】這是一篇介紹說明類文章。文章介紹了一種品質(zhì)：韌性（resilience）。文章介紹了什么是韌性，韌性的作用，如何培養(yǎng)韌性等內(nèi)容。（1）推理判斷題。由第二段中的“People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) won39。t know how resilient they are. It39。s only when they39。re faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, es out. Some give in and some conquer”可知，那些沒有經(jīng)歷過逆境的人不會(huì)知道自己有多大的韌性。只有當(dāng)他們面對(duì)障礙，壓力等逆境時(shí)，他們才能知道自己的韌性有多大。有的人向逆境屈服，有的人成功度過了逆境。由此可知，那些成功度過逆境的人屬于非常有韌性的人。韌性應(yīng)該指克服逆境的能力。故答案選D。（2）詞義猜測(cè)題。由第三段中的“The resilient children had what psychologists call an “internal lens of control(內(nèi)控