【正文】 t get bitten as much ... as adults, US professor Ted Rosen told Science Alert. This love for CO2 can also put pregnant women at increased risk for mosquito bites, as they tend to exhale 21 percent more CO2 than people of the same age and size who aren39。t pregnant. In addition to carbon dioxide, the color of the clothes you wear also plays a role in attracting mosquitoes. According to Live Science, mosquitoes can lock onto targets from up to 50 meters away. At this distance, what we wear has a huge effect. Due to their vision (視覺), people wearing dark colors are more likely to bee targets. Being bitten by mosquitoes is annoying, but don39。t worry. Some simple tips can help ward them off. Scientists remend that we use insect repellent (驅(qū)蟲劑) and wear lightcolored clothing.（1）How do mosquitoes locate their targets, according to the article? seeking out bright clothes. identifying different blood types. sensing an increase of carbon dioxide. following bigger crowds.（2）Why are pregnant women more likely to be bitten by mosquitoes? larger size helps mosquitoes to see them. breathe out more CO2. are more likely to sweat. body temperatures are higher.（3）How does the article advise you to avoid mosquitoes? regularly. lightcolored clothing. your skin dry and clean. indoors in the evening.（4）What39。s the article mainly about? new finding about mosquitoes. people can avoid mosquito bites. popular myth about mosquitoes. some people are more attractive to mosquitoes than others.【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）B（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了為什么有些人可以整個(gè)夏天坐在戶外乘涼卻不被蚊子叮咬，而有些人一出門就好像要被蚊子吃掉一樣。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“While flying along, they use their sense of smell to find possible targets. They find victims by smelling the carbon dioxide (CO2) breathed out by humans and animals. ”飛的時(shí)候，它們用嗅覺發(fā)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。它們通過聞人和動(dòng)物呼出的二氧化碳來鎖定目標(biāo)；以及第五段中的“Mosquitoes start orienting themselves to carbon dioxide and keep flying upwind as they sense higher concentrations”蚊子開始飛向有二氧化碳的地方，當(dāng)它們感知到高濃度的二氧化碳時(shí)，就保持逆流飛行，可知，蚊子通過感知二氧化碳的增加來鎖定目標(biāo)。故選C。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第七段“This love for CO2 can also put pregnant women at increased risk for mosquito bites, as they tend to exhale 21 percent more CO2 than people of the same age and size who aren39。t pregnant.”對(duì)二氧化碳的喜歡使得孕婦很容易被蚊子咬，因?yàn)樗齻儽日Ｏ嗤挲g，相同體型的人呼出多余21%的二氧化碳，可知，孕婦呼出更多的二氧化碳，所以更招蚊子咬。故選B。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Scientists remend that we use insect repellent and wear lightcolored clothing.”科學(xué)家建議我們使用驅(qū)蟲劑或者穿淺顏色的衣服。可知，文章建議我們可以通過穿淺色衣服來避免蚊子叮咬。故選B。 （4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第二段中的“According to Smithsonian Magazine, around 20 percent of people in the world are especially tasty to mosquitoes. What about these people makes mosquitoes39。 mouths water?”根據(jù)Smithsonian雜志，世界上大約20%的人容易招蚊子咬。為什么這些人非常吸引蚊子呢？可知，本文探討的話題是：為什么一些人比其他人更容易招蚊子。故選D。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解 It39。s mon knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci39。s most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this mon knowledge turns out wrong. A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle that39。s degrees off to the observer39。s right173。well outside of the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them. In other words, said the study author, Horstmann, She39。s not looking at you. This is somewhat ironic, because the entire phenomenon of a person39。s gaze (凝視) in a photograph or painting seeming to follow the viewer is called the Mona Lisa effect . That effect is absolutely real, Horstmann said. If a person is illustrated or photographed looking straight ahead, even people viewing the portrait from an angle will feel they are being looked at. As long as the angle of the person39。s gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs. This is important for human interaction with onscreen characters. If you want someone off to the right side of a room to feel that a person onscreen is looking at him or her, you don39。t cut the gaze of the character to that side173。surprisingly, doing so would make an observer feel like the character isn39。t looking at anyone in the room at all. Instead, you keep the gaze straight ahead. Horstmann and his coauthor were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificialintelligence avatars(虛擬頭像) when Horstmann took a long look at the Mona Lisa and realized she wasn39。t looking at him. To make sure it wasn39。t just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the Mona Lisa on a puter screen. They set a ruler between the viewer and the screen and asked the participants to note which number on the ruler intersected Mona Lisa39。s gaze. To calculate the angle of Mona Lisa39。s gaze as she looked at the viewer, they moved the ruler farther from or closer to the screen during the study. Consistently, the researchers found, participants judged that the woman in the Mona Lisa portrait was not looking straight at them, but slightly off to their right. So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer? Horstmann isn39。t sure. It39。s possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first coined the term Mona Lisa effect just thought it was a cool name.（1）It is generally believed that the woman in the painting Mona Lisa . A.attracts the viewers to look backB.seems mysterious because of her eyesC.fixes her eyes on the back of the viewersD.looks at the viewers wherever they stand（2）What gaze range in a painting will cause the Mona Lisa effect? A.B.C.D.（3）The experiment involving 24 people was conducted to . A.confirm Horstmann39。s beliefB.create artificialintelligence avatarsC.calculate the angle of Mona Lisa39。s gazeD.explain how the Mona Lisa effect can be applied（4）What can we learn from the passage