【正文】 about the serious air pollution? parents whose children have to stay at home. pilots whose planes have been diverted or delayed. manufacturers who produce antipollution masks. officials who have to work out of their offices.（3）Which of the following phrases can replace the underlined word in paragraph 5? out. up. in. on.（4）The title of the passage should be . Caused by the Development of New Delhi Pollution Envelops New Delhi Masks Are in Great Need in New Delhi in the Neighboring States are to Blame for Burning Crop Stubble【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，隨著城市的發(fā)展和越來越多的人口流動，城市規(guī)模的擴大，印度的新德里成為世界上污染最嚴重的城市。雖然政府發(fā)誓解決污染問題，但由于污染嚴重，整個新德里處于危險的污染中，人們必須戴防污口罩，冬天天氣寒冷污染物成霧霾，成為世界是污染最嚴重的城市。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據第三段“Air pollution in Indians capital surged to its worst levels in years, covering the city in a thick smog that has bee an annual publichealth emergency despite government vows to solve the problem.”印度首都的空氣污染飆升至多年來最嚴重的水平，籠罩著這座城市的濃霧已成為年度公共衛(wèi)生緊急事件，盡管政府誓言要解決這個問題；第五段“New Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coalbased power plants, swirling dust ..., leaving Delhi the world39。s most polluted city.” 新德里每年都會被污染吞沒，隨著天氣變冷，汽車和以煤為基礎的發(fā)電廠排放的污染物、建筑工地和道路上飄動的灰塵，以及鄰國農作物秸稈燃燒產生的煙霧，都會形成濃霧。慶祝印度排燈節(jié)的煙花爆竹隨后到達，使德里現在成為世界上污染最嚴重的城市；以及第四段中的“Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.” 在學校、學院、醫(yī)院和市場上分發(fā)了數以百萬計的防污口罩?？芍?，政府盡管發(fā)誓解決這種污染，但情況不僅沒有改變，反而更加嚴重，使得人們必須佩戴防毒口罩。由此可判斷出政府幾乎沒有保護其公民免受嚴重污染。故選B。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據第四段“Hundreds of flights were diverted, delayed and canceled over the weekend due to poor visibility, schools and offices were closed Monday and officials rushed to take emergency measures to try to reverse the eroding air quality. Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.” 周末期間，由于能見度低，數百架航班被迫改道、延誤和取消，學校和辦公室周一關閉，官員們緊急采取措施，試圖扭轉不斷惡化的空氣質量。學校、大學、醫(yī)院和市場分發(fā)了數百萬個防污染口罩。由此可知，由于污染嚴重，學校、大學、醫(yī)院和市場分發(fā)了數百萬個防污染口罩。所以生產防污染口罩的廠家要加大生產 ，是不會抱怨的，故選C。 （3）考查詞義猜測。根據第五段中的“New Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coalbased power plants, swirling dust from construction sites and roads and smoke from crop stubble burning in neighboring states.”本句是說新德里每年都籠罩在污染中。因為天氣變冷，從汽車和以煤為基礎的發(fā)電廠“emitted”的污染物形成了厚厚的霧霾。根據常識可知，汽車和用煤發(fā)電的發(fā)電廠會“排放或釋放”污染物的。由此可判斷“emitted”是排放的意思。故選A。 （4）考查主旨大意。本文敘述了隨著城市的發(fā)展和越來越多的人口流動，城市規(guī)模的擴大，印度的新德里成為世界上污染最嚴重的城市。雖然政府發(fā)誓解決污染問題，但周末的能見度低，數百架航班在周末改道、延誤和取消，學校和辦公室周一關閉，人們必須戴防污口罩，可知，新德里被嚴重的污染所籠罩。故選B。 【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解 According to a team of researchers, an animal39。s ability to perceive(感知)time is linked to their pace of life. Our results lend support to the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures. mented lead author Kevin Healy from Trinity College Dublin. The study was done with a variety of animals using phenomenon based on the maximum speed of flashes of light an individual can see before the light source is seen as constant. Dogs, for example, have eyes with a refresh rate higher than humans. One example of this phenomenon at work, the authors say, is the housefly and its ability to avoid being hit. The research showed flies observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve, which allows them to avoid being hit. Professor Graeme Ruxton of the University of St Andrews in Scotland, who worked jointly on the research project, said in a statement, Having eyes that send updates to the brain at much higher frequencies than our eyes do is of no value if the brain cannot process that information equally quickly. Thus, this work highlights the impressive abilities of even the smallest animal brains. Flies might not be deep thinkers, but they can make good decisions very quickly. In parison, the tiger beetle(虎甲蟲)runs faster than its eyes can keep up, basically being blind, which requires it to stop periodically to reevaluate its prey39。s(獵物)position. Our results suggest that time perception offers an as yet unstudied dimension along which animals can specialize and there is considerable range to study this system in more detail.（1）What is the research mentioned in the passage mainly about？ A.Pace of life of animals.B.Impressive abilities of animals.C.Lifetime of small animals.D.Time perception of animals.（2）What does Kevin Healy39。s ment mean in ？ A.The survival of fast moving animals relies on their ability to perceive time.B.Animals with quicker pace of life have better perception of time.C.The ability of animals to perceive time depends on their high moving speed.D.Animals with poor ability of time perception have a shorter life.（3）Why can houseflies avoid being hit? A.They can think very deeply before they act.B.They can process the information as quickly as they receive it.C.They can fly much faster than their eyes can keep up.D.They can send information to brain more quickly than to their eyes.（4）What will a tiger beetle have to do to catch a moving prey? A.Slow down to gain its time perception.B.Prevent itself from being blind.C.Stop occasionally to spot the prey again.D.Try to run as fast as it can.【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了對動物時間感知的研究。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第一段中的“According to a team of researchers，an animal39。s ability to perceive（感知）time is linked to their pace of life.”可知，據一組研究人員稱，動物感知時間的能力與它們的生活節(jié)奏有關，由此可知，文中提到的這個研究是關于動物的時間感知的，故選D。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據第二段中的“the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference betwe