【正文】 f turning this relationship on its head, being more focused on the positive things in life in an effort to enhance their immune functioning. This was helped along by their knowing much more about the world than younger adults, so they can deal with some of the unpleasant things in life more easily.（1）According to Robert Trivers, when our body needs extra energy, ______. A.muscles will respond to it by relaxing a little bitB.organs will speed up metabolic processes to answer itC.immune system will temporarily shut down to fulfill itD.brain will satisfy it by sharing optional metabolic output（2）In paragraph 3 this relationship most probably refers to the one between ______. A.experiences and related knowledgeB.happiness and biological evolutionC.immune function and healthD.optimism and length of life（3）What can be concluded from Robert Trivers39。 study? A.Younger people adopt strategies of handling tense situations from everyday life.B.Our ancestors evolved their immune systems in fighting against fierce animals.C.Realizing that their days are numbered, older people prefer being positive.D.Being negative drains energy from our body, lowering resistance to disease.（4）Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A.Brain, muscles and immune systemB.Age, health and happinessC.Ancestors, emergency and evolutionD.Energy, effort and response【答案】 （1）C（2）D（3）D（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明，老年人往往會記住生活中積極的事物，而不是消極的事物。十年前作者與生物學(xué)家羅伯特特里弗斯合作研究身體是如何使用能量的，他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)解釋了這一現(xiàn)象。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“We have an enormous number of immune cells coursing through our body, a momentary break from production is fine. So, when our body needs extra energy, one of the places it goes is our immune function.”可知我們的身體里有大量的免疫細(xì)胞，暫時停止運作是可以的。因此，當(dāng)我們的身體需要額外的能量時，（我們的身體）會去找免疫系統(tǒng)。由此可以推斷，免疫系統(tǒng)會暫時停止來為身體提供額外的能量。選C。 （2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的 being more focused on the positive things in life in an effort to enhance their immune functioning. 可知老人們更加關(guān)注生活中積極的事物，是為了增強(qiáng)他們的免疫功能。也就是說積極與免疫功能之間有關(guān)系，越積極，免疫功能越強(qiáng)，就能活得越久，所有選項中D項（樂觀與壽命）之間最切題，故選D。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的As a result, our immune system evolved to run in maximum amounts when we39。re happy, but to slow down dramatically when we39。re not.可知當(dāng)我們快樂時，我們的免疫系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化到最大程度，但是當(dāng)我們不快樂時，免疫系統(tǒng)會減弱。由此推斷，消極會消耗我們身體的能量，降低對疾病的抵抗力。選D。 （4）考查主旨大意。作者開頭提出老年人更關(guān)注積極的事情，后文提到積極的情緒會增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)，所以本文主要講的是年齡，健康與積極的情緒之間的關(guān)系，選B。 【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解 In 2015, a man named Nigel Richards memorized 386, 000 words in the entire French Scrabble Dictionary in just nine weeks. However, he does not speak French. Richards39。 impressive feat is a useful example to show how artificial intelligence works—real AI. Both of Richard and AI take in massive amounts of data to achieve goals with unlimited memory and superman accuracy in a certain field. The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting. Because AI can outperform humans at routine tasks—provided the task is in one field with a lot of data—it is technically capable of replacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so. But not every job will be replaced by AI. In fact four types of jobs are not at risk at all. First, there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a goal to optimize. It cannot invent, like scientists, novelists and artists can. Second, the plex, strategic jobs—executives, diplomats, economists — go well beyond the AI limitation of singlefield and Big Data. Then there are the asyetunknown jobs that will be created by AI. Are you worried that these three types of jobs won39。t employ as many people as AI will replace? Not to worry, as the fourth type is much larger: jobs where emotions are needed, such as teachers, nannies and doctors. These jobs require passion, trust and sympathy—which AI does not have. And even if AI tried to fake it, nobody would want a robot telling them they have cancer, or a robot to babysit their children. So there will still be jobs in the age of AI. The key then must be retraining the workforce so people can do them. This must be the responsibility not just of the government, which can provide funds, but also of corporations and those who benefit most.（1）What is the main purpose of paragraph 1? A.To introduce the topic.B.To mention Nigel39。s feat.C.To stress the importance of good memory.D.To suggest humans go beyond AI in memory.（2）Which of the following best explains outperform underlined in paragraph 2? A.Be superior toB.Be inferior toC.Be similar toD.Be related to（3）Which of the following jobs is the most likely to be replaced? A.The writer.B.The shop assistant.C.The babysitter.D.The psychologist.（4）Which of the following suggestions can the author give about job replacement of AI? A.Limit the application of AI to a certain degree.B.Get more support from the government.C.Apply for the donation from panies.D.Upgrade people39。s professional skills all the time.【答案】 （1）A（2）A（3）B（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，人工智能有取代人類工作的潛力,但是,并非所有工作都會被人工智能取代,有四種類型的工作完全沒有風(fēng)險。因此,在人工智能時代人類仍然會有工作,關(guān)鍵必須是對勞動力進(jìn)行再培訓(xùn),這樣人們才能從事這些工作。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段可知一個名叫奈杰爾理查茲（Nigel Richards）的人在短短九周內(nèi)記住了《法國拼字游戲詞典》中的386,000個單詞。但是,他不會說法語。其展示了人工智能是如何工作的。而后文主要與人工智能有關(guān),由此推斷作者寫第一段的目的是引出人工智能這個話題。故選A。 （2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“Because AI can outperform humans at routine tasks—provided the task is in one field with a lot of data”可知AI可以在日常任務(wù)中outperform人類（前提是該任務(wù)在一個涉及到大量數(shù)據(jù)的領(lǐng)域中；以及“it is technically capable of replacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.”可知從技術(shù)上講,人工智能具有在未來大約15年里取代成千上萬的白領(lǐng)和藍(lán)領(lǐng)工作的能力。結(jié)合下文推斷人工智能能夠具有取代人類的工作是因為AI在日常任務(wù)中表現(xiàn)超過了人類,劃線詞的意思是勝過,超過,故選A。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Fir