【正文】 e of adding a health boost to their lunchtime smoothie that was labeled either new or classic. The volunteers in the messy space were far more likely to choose the new one。 those in the tidy office generally chose the classic version. Disorderly environments seem to inspire breaking free of tradition, Dr. Vohs and her coauthors conclude in the study, which can produce fresh insights. The implications of these findings are also practical. My advice would be, if you need to think outside the box for a future project, Dr. Vohs says, then let the clutter rise and free your imagination. But if your primary goal is to eat well or to go to the gym, pick up around your office first. By doing this, the naturally messy can acquire some of the discipline of the conscientious.（1）The underlined word immaculate in paragraph 1 probably means . A.messyB.tidyC.terribleD.fortable（2）Which of the following can best explain the broken window theory? A.Chaos begets chaos.B.Misfortune may be an actual blessing.C.Bad news has wings.D.When a door shuts, a window opens.（3）Which of the following will Dr. Vohs probably agree with? A.More virtue exists in organized people.B.Creativity results from tidiness and discipline.C.Disorderly surroundings help to create new ideas.D.Workers39。 good habits guarantee the success of a project.（4）What can we conclude from the study results? A.The naturally neat people tend to be very creative.B.A messy office will cause quite low working efficiency.C.Environments can affect people39。s way of thinking and behavior.D.People39。s personalities are determined by their working environments.【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）C（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一項(xiàng)研究人類行為與環(huán)境相關(guān)的實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明無序混亂的環(huán)境可能更容易激發(fā)人們打破傳統(tǒng)，產(chǎn)生新的見解。同時(shí)研究人員建議如果你需要在未來的項(xiàng)目中跳出框框思考，那就讓雜亂的東西堆積起來，釋放你的想象力。但如果你的主要目標(biāo)是吃得好或去健身房，那就先在辦公室里收拾一下。 （1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的“Not surprisingly, they have found that people blessed with innate conscientiousness, meaning that they are organized and predictable, typically eat better and live longer than people who are disorderly. They also tend to have…”不出所料，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，天生有自覺性的人，也就是有條理、可預(yù)測的人，通常比那些不守規(guī)矩的人吃得更好，活得更久。可推知天生有自覺性有條理的人，他們也更有傾向于擁有整潔的辦公室。故劃線單詞意思為整潔的。故選B。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“The broken window theory, proposed decades ago, holds that even slight disorder and neglect can encourage indifference and poor discipline.”幾十年前提出的破窗理論認(rèn)為，即使是輕微的混亂和忽視也會(huì)助長冷漠和缺乏紀(jì)律。可推知混亂產(chǎn)生混亂最能解釋破窗理論。故選A。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Disorderly environments seem to inspire breaking free of tradition, Dr. Vohs and her coauthors conclude in the study, which can produce fresh insights.無序的環(huán)境似乎激發(fā)了人們打破傳統(tǒng)，沃斯博士和她的合著者在研究中總結(jié)道，這可以產(chǎn)生新的見解?？赏浦炙共┦靠赡軙?huì)同意雜亂的環(huán)境有助于創(chuàng)造新想法。故選C。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的’My advice would be, if you need to think outside the box for a future project‘, Dr. Vohs says,’then let the clutter rise and free your imagination. But if your primary goal is to eat well or to go to the gym, pick up around your office first. By doing this, the naturally messy can acquire some of the discipline of the conscientious.‘沃斯博士說:我的建議是，如果你需要在未來的項(xiàng)目中跳出框框思考，那就讓雜亂的東西堆積起來，釋放你的想象力。但如果你的主要目標(biāo)是吃得好或去健身房，那就先在辦公室里收拾一下。通過這樣做，天生邋遢的人可以獲得一些自覺的紀(jì)律。可推知我們能從研究結(jié)果中得出結(jié)論，環(huán)境可以影響人們的思維方式和行為方式。故選C。 【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解 Hacking isn39。t just for puters and smart phones. According to a study, scientists have found a way to hack a plant39。s genes in order to make it use sunlight more quickly. Someday, the results could increase the number of food produced around the world. Scientists used tobacco plants in the study because it is easy to change the plants39。 genes. Hacked plants are larger than normal plants. Photosynthesis is the word used to describe how plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to make their own food. Scientists say this is a very slow process. Plants use less than 1 percent of the energy. But by hacking a plant39。s genes, the scientists were able to increase the amount of leaf growth on plants between 14 and 20 percent. Scientists hacked the plant39。s protective system. Normally, this system starts when a plant gets too much sunlight. When the plant senses the light, it creates more leaves. When the plant is in shade, the protective system is turned off. But the process is slow. The new study sped up the process by changing the plant39。s genes, the protective system turned on and off more quickly than normal. As a result, leaf growth on the plants scientists used in the study increased. Leaf growth on two plants increased by 20 percent, while leaf growth on a third plant increased by 14 percent. Scientists conducted the study on tobacco plants. But they think the genetic changes would produce the same results in corn and rice. Agriculture professor Tala Awanda said the study makes sense, but cautioned the yield（產(chǎn)量）might not be quite so high for conventional food crops. Still, she added in an , this study remains a breakthrough,（1）Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 1 ? A.We can find hacking only in digital devices.B.A plant39。s genes can be changed by hacking.C.Hacking has been used in improving food production.D.Hacking can be used to change whatever you want.（2）Why did scientists choose tobacco plants to study? A.Because they are very easy to get.B.Because their genes are easy to change.C.Because they are larger than other plants.D.Because they