【正文】 one usually finds that a person reaches his or her peak much later in life.”但在某些其他類型的活動(dòng)中(作家可能是其中一種)，經(jīng)驗(yàn)比頭腦的敏捷更重要，人們通常會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)人在他一生的晚期才達(dá)到頂峰?？赏茢喑鲇行┤嗽谕砟耆〉贸晒κ且?yàn)樗麄兊墓ぷ髦型枰芏嘟?jīng)驗(yàn)。故選A。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Besides sharpness of brain and experience, here is another thing that is very important, and that is wisdom.... Leaning to be wise is basically learning what is not possible； and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble one has to go through to get there. Mostly, it is learning about human nature；how real people behave and react, as against how one would like them to behave and react.”除了敏銳的頭腦和豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)外，還有一件事是非常重要的，那就是智慧。學(xué)習(xí)成為智者，要基本的了解什么是不可能的；學(xué)習(xí)有可能但又很困難的東西，以至于不值得一個(gè)人為了達(dá)到目的而付出所有的努力。最重要的是了解人性，了解真實(shí)的人是如何行為和反應(yīng)的，以及人們希望他們?nèi)绾涡袨楹头磻?yīng)的。由此可推斷出智慧的重要性在于智慧能讓人知道什么可做，什么不能做，即為人提供正確的努力方向。故選D。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Leaning to be wise is basically learning what is not possible；and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble one has to go through to get there. Mostly, it is learning about human nature；how real people behave and react, as against how one would like them to behave and react. One can read and hear lot of idealistic stuff about how to make the world a better place, which would be found if it was based on an accurate observation of human nature,”成為智者，要大體上知道什么是不可能的。學(xué)習(xí)有可能但又如此困難的東西，以至于不值得一個(gè)人為了達(dá)到目的而付出所有的努力。最重要的是學(xué)習(xí)人性，了解真實(shí)的人是如何行為和反應(yīng)的，以及人們希望他們?nèi)绾涡袨楹头磻?yīng)的。人們可以讀到和聽(tīng)到很多關(guān)于如何使世界變得更美好的理想主義的東西.......由此可推斷出聰明的人必須運(yùn)用智慧來(lái)決定最好要做什么事。故選D。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解 What a Messy Desk Says About You For some time, psychologists have been studying how personality traits affect health and healthrelated choices. Not surprisingly, they have found that people blessed with innate conscientiousness, meaning that they are organized and predictable, typically eat better and live longer than people who are disorderly. They also tend to have immaculate offices. What has been less clear is whether neat environments can produce good habits even in those who aren39。t necessarily innately conscientious. To find out, researchers at the University of Minnesota conducted a series of experiments. In the first experiment, they randomly assigned a group of collegeage students to spend time in two office spaces, one of which was very neat, the other wildly cluttered (亂堆) with papers and other workrelated stuff. The students spent their time filling out questionnaires unrelated to the study. After 10 minutes, they were told they could leave with an apple or a chocolate bar. Those students who sat in the orderly office were twice as likely to choose the apple as those who sat among the mess. A second experiment, however, found that working in chaos has its advantages, too. In this one, college students were placed in a messy or a neat office and asked to dream up new uses for PingPong balls. Those in messy spaces generated ideas that were significantly more creative, according to two independent judges, than those in offices where stacks of papers and other objects were neatly arranged. The results were something of a surprise, says Dr. Vohs, the leader of the study. Few previous studies found much virtue in disorder. The broken window theory, proposed decades ago, holds that even slight disorder and neglect can encourage indifference and poor discipline. But in the study by Dr. Vohs, disordered offices encouraged originality and a search for novelty. In the final portion of the study, adults were given the choice of adding a health boost to their lunchtime smoothie that was labeled either new or classic. The volunteers in the messy space were far more likely to choose the new one。 those in the tidy office generally chose the classic version. Disorderly environments seem to inspire breaking free of tradition, Dr. Vohs and her coauthors conclude in the study, which can produce fresh insights. The implications of these findings are also practical. My advice would be, if you need to think outside the box for a future project, Dr. Vohs says, then let the clutter rise and free your imagination. But if your primary goal is to eat well or to go to the gym, pick up around your office first. By doing this, the naturally messy can acquire some of the discipline of the conscientious.（1）The underlined word immaculate in paragraph 1 probably means . A.messyB.tidyC.terribleD.fortable（2）Which of the following can best explain the broken window theory? A.Chaos begets chaos.B.Misfortune may be an actual blessing.C.Bad news has wings.D.When a door shuts, a window opens.（3）Which of the following will Dr. Vohs probably agree with? A.More virtue exists in organized people.B.Creativity results from tidiness and discipline.C.Disorderly surroundings help to create new ideas.D.Workers39。 good habits guarantee the success of a project.（4）What can we conclude from the study results? A.The naturally neat people tend to be very creative.B.A messy office will cause quite low working efficiency.C.Environments can affect people39。s way of thinking and behavior.D.People39。s personalities are determined by their working environments.【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）C（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了一項(xiàng)研究人類行為與環(huán)境相關(guān)的實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明無(wú)序混亂的環(huán)境可能更容易激發(fā)人們打破傳統(tǒng)，產(chǎn)生新的見(jiàn)解。同時(shí)研究人員建議如果你需要在未來(lái)的項(xiàng)目中跳出框框思考，那就讓雜亂的東西堆積起來(lái)，釋放你的想象力。但如果你的主要目標(biāo)是吃得好或去健身房，那就先在辦公室里收拾一下。 （1）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第一段中的“Not surprisingly, they have found that people blessed with innate conscientiousness, meaning that they are organi