【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 s to participate. This process is known asA) debriefing. B) informed consent.（知情同意）C) risk/gain assessment. D) intentional deception.Answer: BII True or False 1) A theory is defined as an organized set of concepts（概念） that explains a phenomenon or set of phenomena.Answer: TRUE2) In order to minimize(.把…減至最低數(shù)量[程度]) the potential（潛在的） for bias, researchers must be certain that no variable in an experiment is operationally defined.（不可能做到）Answer: FALSE3) In an experiment, researchers manipulate（熟練操作） the dependent variable （因變量）and measure the independent variable.Answer: FALSE4) A doubleblind control is an experimental technique in which biased expectations are eliminated by only telling the experimental assistants which participants have received which treatment.Answer: FALSE5) In a withinsubjects research design, different groups of participants are randomly（隨便的） assigned to experimental conditions or to control conditions.Answer: FALSE6) The entire（全部） set of individuals to which generalizations will be made based on an experimental sample is called the population（總體）.Answer: TRUE7) The primary purpose of using correlational methods is to establish cause and effect relationships.（因果研究才是）Answer: FALSE8) If two variables are pletely unrelated to each other, they will yield a correlation coefficient（系數(shù)） of zero.Answer: TRUE9) Questionnaires and surveys are examples of selfreport measures.Answer: TRUEChapter 31) 1) Nature is to nurture （教養(yǎng)）as heredity（遺傳） is toA) evolution. B) aggression. C) environment. D) natural selection.Answer: C2) A prisoner is violent and hostile, although he wasn39。t always this way. His therapist believes that the environment the prisoner was raised in brought about his aggressive tendencies. The therapist (咨詢師)is espousing the view that behavior is primarily influenced byA) nature. B) biology. C) nurture. D) heredity.Answer: C3) In evolutionary terms, an individual39。s success is measured by theA) amount of territory one controls. B) degree of fort an individual attains.C) number of offspring an individual produces. D) level of intelligence an individual acquires.Answer: C4) Members of a species who posses the range of physical and psychological attributes best adapted to the environment are most likely to survive. This concept is known asA) natural selection. B) genotypical structure.C) phenotypical structure. D) survival of the fittest.Answer: D5) As you enter the crowded room, you catch a glimpse of your friend39。s dark hair and slim frame. What you are noticing most directly are aspects of your friend39。sA) genotype. B) phenotype().C) adaptations. D) selective advantage.Answer: B6) In the vocabulary of evolutionary theory, you have inherited ________ from your parents.A) a genotype B) a phenotypeC) a behavioral repertory D) your outward appearanceAnswer: A7) You are hastily (,倉促地)jotting notes for a quiz on basic genetics. Luckily, a friend notices that you have incorrectly written thatA) DNA contains 46 chromosomes(1.【醫(yī)】同原染色體).B) genes are located on chromosomes.C) DNA is located in the nucleus of each cell.D) DNA contains instructions for the production of proteins.Answer: A8) Sex chromosomesA) contain 23 pairs of genes.B) are identical for males and females.C) bring about the union of a sperm and an egg.D) code the development of male or female physical characteristics.Answer: D9) In the human male, the sex chromosomes normally consist of a(n) ________ pair。 in the human female they consist of a(n) ________ pair.A) XY。 XX B) XX。 XX C) YY。 XX D) XX。 YYAnswer: A10) The goal of the Human Genome Project(1.【醫(yī)】基因組(測序)計(jì)劃) is toA) identify all of the human genes.B) verify Darwin39。s theory of natural selection.C) show research support for the major events in human evolution.D) build humanlike robots or cyborgs.Answer: A11) A girl has two older brothers and a stepsister(1.(繼父與其前妻或繼母與其前夫所生的)姐姐。 妹妹). You can best guess thatA) her brothers will be genetically identical.B) she has the exact same genetic makeup as her brothers.C) she has about 50% of her genes in mon with her brothers.D) genetically she will be more like her stepsister than like her brothers.Answer: C12) Imagine traveling back in time to the seventeenth century. A French philosopher by the name of Descartes((法國哲學(xué)家、數(shù)學(xué)家,15961650)) has proposed the radical idea thatA) all animals have spirits.B) the human body is an animal machine.C) humans are no more intelligent than animals.D) human action cannot be understood by using scientific means.Answer: B13) Broca39。s area in the brain is most closely associated withA) memory. B) emotion.C) language. D) physical movement.Answer: C14) The nervous() system is subdivided into two major divisions: What are they?A) somatic and autonomic B) peripheral and somaticC) central and peripheral D) sympathetic and parasympatheticAnswer: C15) You are working with a friend to develop flash cards to help you with your study of brain structures and their functions. Your friend remembers correctly that the ________ is involved primarily in autonomic processes such as heart rate and breathing, and you remember that the ________ is involved in motivation, emotion and memory processes.A) cerebrum(1.解大腦)。 cerebral cortex() B) brain stem()。 limbic system(1.（大腦）邊緣系統(tǒng))C) limbic system。 brain stem D) cerebral cortex。 brain stemAnswer: B16) The limbic system includes theA) medulla(1.(拉丁語)骨髓), hippocampus() and pons. B) hypothalamus, cerebrum(1.解大腦) and cerebellum().C) hypothalamus, hippocampus and amygdala(1.[解]扁桃體). D) reticular formation, amygdala and thalamus.Answer: C17) Research on splitbrain patients（裂腦人） has suggested that, when pared to the right hemisphere(), the left hemisphere has a style that is moreA) global. B) holistic. C) analytical. D) insightful.Answer: C18) In the brain, the ______