【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 first critical thing is make it as dark as you possibly can, and also make it slightly , reduce your amount of light exposure at least half an hour before you go to increases levels of alertness and will delay 39。s the last thing that most of us do before we go to bed? We stand in a massively lit bathroom looking into the mirror cleaning our 39。s the worst thing we can possibly do before we went to off those mobile off those off all of those things that are also going to excite the not to drink caffeine too late in the day, ideally not after , we39。ve set about reducing light exposure before you go to bed, but light exposure in the morning is very good at setting the biological clock to the lightdark seek out morning , listen to those sorts of things that you know are going to ease you off into the honeyheavy dew of 39。s some about some myths?Teenagers are have a biological predisposition to go to bed late and get up late, so give them a need eight hours of sleep a 39。s an people need people need what you need to do is listen to your you need that much or do you need more? Simple as people need less sleep demands of the aged do not go , sleep fragments and bees less robust, but sleep requirements do not go the fourth myth is, early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and that39。s wrong at so many different levels.(Laughter)There is no, no evidence that getting up early and going to bed early gives you more wealth at 39。s no difference in socioeconomic my experience, the only difference between morning people and evening people is that those people that get up in the morning early are just horribly smug.(Laughter)(Applause) for the last part, the last few minutes, what I want to do is change gears and talk about some really new, breaking areas of neuroscience, which is the association between mental health, mental illness and sleep 39。ve known for 130 years that in severe mental illness, there is always, always sleep disruption, but it39。s been largely the 1970s, when people started to think about this again, they said, “Yes, well, of course you have sleep disruption in schizophrenia because they39。re on 39。s the antipsychotics causing the sleep problems,” ignoring the fact that for a hundred years previously, sleep disruptionhadbeenreportedbefore what39。s going on? Lots of groups, several groups are studying conditions like depression, schizophrenia and bipolar, and what39。s going on in terms of sleep have a big study which we published last year on schizophrenia, and the data were quite those individuals with schizophrenia, much of the time, they were awake during the night phase and then they were asleep during the groups showed no 24hour patterns sleep was absolutely some had no ability to regulate their sleep by the lightdark were getting up later and later and later and later each was what39。s going on? And the really exciting news is that mental illness and sleep are not simply associated but they are physically linked within the neural networks that predispose you to normal sleep, give you normal sleep, and those that give you normal mental health are what39。s the evidence for that? Well, genes that have been shown to be very important in the generation of normal sleep, when mutated, when changed, also predispose individuals to mental health last year, we published a study which showed that a gene that39。s been linked to schizophrenia, which, when mutated, also smashes the we have evidence of a genuine mechanistic overlap between these two important work flowed from these first was that sleep disruption actually precedes certain types of mental illness, and we39。ve shown that in those young individuals who are at high risk of developing bipolar disorder, they already have a sleep abnormality prior to any clinical diagnosis of other bit of data was that sleep disruption may actually exacerbate, make worse the mental illness colleague Dan Freeman has used a range of agents which have stabilized sleep and reduced levels of paranoia in those individuals by 50 what have we got? We39。ve got, in these connections, some really exciting terms of the neuroscience, by understanding the neuroscience of these two systems, we39。re really beginning to understand how both sleep and mental illness are generated and regulated within the second area is that if we can use sleep and sleep disruption as an early warning signal, then we have the chance of going we know that these individuals are vulnerable, early intervention then bees the third, which I think is the most exciting, is that we can think of the sleep centers within the brain as a new therapeutic sleep in those individuals who are vulnerable, we can certainly make them healthier, but also alleviate some of the appalling symptoms of mental let me just I started by saying is take sleep attitudes toward sleep are so very different from a preindustrial age, when we were almost wrapped in a used to understand intuitively the importance of this isn39。t some sort of crystalwaving is a pragmatic response to good you have good sleep, it increases your concentration, attention, decisionmaking, creativity, social skills, you get sleep, it reduces your mood changes, your stress, your levels of anger, your impulsivity, and your tendency to drink and take we finished by saying that an understanding of the neuroscience of sleep is really informing the way we think about some of the causes of mental illness, and indeed is providing us new ways to treat these incredibly debilitating Butcher, the fantasy writer, said, “Sleep is worship.” And I can only remend that you do the you for your attention.(Applause)第二篇：ted英文演講稿ted英文演講稿：犯錯的價值每個人都會避免犯錯，但或許避免犯錯本身就是一種錯誤?請看以下這篇“犯錯家“凱瑟琳舒爾茨告訴我們，或許我們不只該承認(rèn)錯誤，更應(yīng)該大力擁抱人性中“我錯故我在“的本質(zhì)。So it39。s 1995, I39。m in college, and a friend and I go on a road trip from Providence, Rhode Island to Portland, you know, we39。re young and unemployed, so we do the whole thing on back roads through state parks and