【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 al morpheme is but it is pronounced differently in different environments as/s/in cats, as/z/ in dogs and as/iz/ in ,/z/,and /iz/ are all allomorphs of the plural : any morpheme or bination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix can be morpheme: an element of meaning which is structurally dependent on the world it is added to, plural morpheme in “dog’s”. morpheme: an element of meaning which takes the form of an independent : A separate unit of meaning, usually in the form of a word(.” dog in the manger”): a list of all the words in a language assigned to various lexical categories and provided with semantic word: word expressing grammatical meanings, such conjunction, prepositions, articles and word: word having lexical meanings, that is ,those which refer to substance, action and quality, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and : a word whose membership is in principle infinite or unlimited, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and many : a relatively plex form of pounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial parts of the two : a process in which both form and meaning are borrowed with only a slight adaptation, in some cases, to eh phonological system of the new language that they : a process in which part of the form is native and part is borrowed, but the meaning is fully : a process in which the meaning is borrowed, but the form is : is made up form the first letters of the name of an organization, which has a heavily modified : the disappearance of the very sound as a morpheme in the phonological : an abnormal type of wordformation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a long form already in the : the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound, which is more specifically called.”contact” or ” contiguous” : the influence one sound segment upon the articulation of another, so that the sounds bee less alike, or etymology: a change in form of a word or phrase, resulting from an incorrect popular nation of the origin or meaning of the term or from the influence of more familiar terms mistakenly taken to be analogous : parts of speech and function, such as the classification of words in terms of parts of speech, the identification of terms of parts of speech, the identification of functions of words in term of subject, predicate, : also known as agreement, is the requirement that the forms of two or more words in a syntactic relationship should agree with each other in terms of some relation between one item and others in a sequence, or between elements which are all relation: a relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at a particular place in a structure, or between one element present and he others constituent analysis: the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituentsword groups(or phrases),which are in turn analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are construction: one construction whose distribution is functionally equivalent, or approaching equivalence, to one of its constituents, which serves as the centre, or head, of the an endocentric construction is also known as a headed construction: a construction whose distribution is not functionally equivalent to any to any of its structure: the abstract representation of the syntactic properties of a construction, underlying level of structural relations between its different constituents ,such as the relation between, the underlying subject and its verb, or a verb and its structure: the final stage in the syntactic derivation of a construction, which closely corresponds to the structural organization of a construction people actually produce and : one of the similarities, or of the more general features, in these two government relations, is technically called constituent mandmand for and binding theory: it is the fourth period of development Chomsky’s TG Grammar, which consists of Xbar theme: the basis, or the starting point, of the dynamism: the extent to which the sentence element contributes to the development of the function: the speaker’s experience of the real world, including the inner world of his own function: the use of language to establish and maintain social relations: for the expression of social roles, which include the munication roles created by language itself。and also for getting things done, by means of the interaction between one person and another.. function: the use of language the provide for making links with itself and with features of the situation in which it is meaning: the central part of meaning, which contains logical, cognitive, or denotative : the core sense of a word or a phrase that relates it to phenomena in the real : a term in a contrast with denotation, meaning the properties of the entity a word : the use of language to express a proposition, meaning the properties of the entity a word : the use of language to express a proposition, talk about things in : the literal meaning of a word or an expression, independent of situational : is the technical name for the sameness antonymy: members of a pair in plementary antonym are plementary to each field pletely, such as male, female, antonymy: members of this kind are gradable, such as long: short, big。small, fat。thin, antonymy: a special kind of antonym in that the members of a pair do not constitute a positivenegative opposition, such as buy。sell, lend, borrow, above, below, opposites: converse antonymy in reciprocal social roles, kinship relations, temporal and spatial are always two entities presupposes the shorter, better。 are instances of relational : a relation between tow words, in which the meaning of one word(the superordinate)is included in the meaning of another word(the hyponym): the upper term in hyponymy, class superordinate usually has sev