【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 deal for use in products thar are exposed to extreme enviroments such as boats, chemicalhandling equipments and will never totally replace tranditional materials like steel, but in many cased they are just what we 18 。在過去幾十年里研究的基于溶膠凝膠化學的有機無機納米復合材料已基本淡出納米復合材料的研究。，這對于優(yōu)化所得到的納米復合材料很重要。，石墨的廣泛使用嘔待石墨合成技術的突破。 propertybactericidal property Block copolymerinterfacial phenomena Exfoliated graphenemorphology control field of nanotechnology is one of the most popular areas for current research and development in basically all technical is considered where the dimensions of the particle, platelet or fiber modification are in the range of 1～ improvements are key to future aircraft and wind energy turbine surfaces have been noted to yield superhydrophobic character and exceptional 第二篇：材料科學與工程專業(yè)英語118單元課后翻譯答案材料科學與工程專業(yè)英語118單元課后翻譯答案Unit .“材料科學”涉及到研究材料的結構與性能的關系。相反，材料工程是根據(jù)材料的結構與性質的關系來涉及或操控材料的結構以求制造出一系列可預定的性質。，所有固體材料的重要性質可以分為六類：機械、電學、熱學、磁學、光學、腐蝕性。，材料科學與工程還有其他兩個重要的組成部分，即加工與性能。、結構、性能之間的關系以及材料的加工技術，根據(jù)以上的原則，他或她就會越自信與熟練地對材料進行更明智的選擇。，材料才具有最優(yōu)或最理想的綜合性質。因此，有時候有必要為某一性質而犧牲另一性能。 dielectric constant Solid materials heat capacity Mechanical property electromagnetic radiation Material processing elastic was not until relatively recent times that scientists came to understand therelationships between the structural elements of materials and their engineering is to solve the problem during the manufacturing andapplication of properties relate deformation to an applied load or ，在可見光下不透明；擦亮的金屬表面有金屬光澤。，并且比金屬和聚合物具有更高的耐熱溫度 和耐惡劣環(huán)境性能。技領域的材料有時也被稱為先進材料。；反之，當它們膨脹和收縮時，他們也能 產(chǎn)生一個電場。，操控和移動原子 和分子以形成新結構成為可能，因此，我們能通過一些簡單的原子水平的構 建就可以設計出新的材料。 materials ceramic materials highperformance materials clay minerals alloy implant glass fibre carbon materials have large numbers of nonlocalized electrons and many properties of metals are directly attributable to these of polymeric materials are organic pounds with very large molecular hace electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical and metal alloys and and must not produce toxic substances and must be patible with body 31．金屬的行為（性質）不同于陶瓷的行為（性質），陶瓷的行為（性質）不同于 聚合物的行為（性質）。2．原子結構主要影響化學性質、物理性質、熱學性質、電學性能、磁性能、光 學性能。微結構和宏觀結構雖也能影響這些性能但是他們主要影響力學性能 和化學反應速率。3．金屬的強度表明原子是通過強的鍵結合在一起的。4．元素的原子序數(shù)表明該元素的原子核內(nèi)帶正電的質子數(shù)。而原子的原子量則 表明該原子核中質子數(shù)與中子數(shù)。5．Microstructure macrostructure Chemical reaction atomic weight Balanced electrical charge positively charged atoms form thousands of different substances ranging from the air we breathe to the metal used to support tall buildings7．The facts suggests that metallic atoms are held together bu strong which includes features that cannot be seen with the naked eyebut using a includes features that can be seen with the naked atomic weight is the sum of proton number and neutron number in the 41．當密度小于水的密度時，物體將漂浮在水面上，當密度大于水的密度時，物 體會沉降。相似的，當比重小于 1 時，物體將漂浮在水面上，當比重大于 1 時，物體會沉降。2．由于相互排斥而往相反的方向移動，導致磁通量密度比真空中小，這種材料 為反磁性材料。3．使磁通量密度提高 1 倍以上小于或等于 10 倍的材料叫順磁性材料，使磁通量 密度提高 10 倍以上的材料叫鐵磁性材料。4．某些鐵磁性材料，特別是一些粉末狀或夾層鐵，鋼或鎳合金的相對導磁率可 高達 1000000。反磁性材料的相對導磁率小于 1，但是到目前還沒有哪種材料 的相對導磁率遠小于 1。5．當順磁性或鐵磁性的芯插入線圈時，其磁感應系數(shù)等于相對磁導率乘以空芯 時的磁感應系數(shù)。6．specific gravity boiling point magnetic induction coefficient of thermal conductivity glass transition temperature nonferrous metals linear coefficient of thermal expansion mass per unit of that describe how a substance changes into a pletely different substance are called chemical is a physical property of matter and matter can exist in four phases: solid liquid gas and some temperature below the melting point polymers start to lose their crystalline structure but the molecules remain linked in chains which tesults in a soft and pliable engineering applications permeability is often expressed in relative rather than in 5 。，一般多測幾次以得到力學性能，報導的數(shù)值一般是平均值或者計算的 統(tǒng)計最小值。3．材料的承載方式極大地影響了材料的力學性能，也決定了材料失效形式，以及在失效前是否有預警。4．然而，受力彎曲時會產(chǎn)生一個應力分布，應力大小與到軸線的垂直距離有關。5．材料受到低于臨界壓力即屈服強度的力時，材料才會發(fā)生彈性形變。6． Test specimen static loading force normal axis Engineering strain critical stress yield strength stress area Stressstrain curve below room temperature generally cause anincrease in strength properties of metallic alloys while ductility fracture toughness and elongation usually the respective of what is happening within a material stress is the internal distribution of forces within a body that balance and react to the loads applied to strain is defined as the amount of deformation in the direction of the applied force divided by the initial length of the material with high strength and high ductility will hace more toughness than a material with low strength and high ，材料科學與工程 界有責任和機遇通過解決未來世界的需求—在能量、交通、住房、飲食、回 收和健康方面的需求來改變世界。 。 2025 以前將以每年 ，這比世界人口增 長率快多了。，發(fā)達地區(qū)的人均能量使用量是不發(fā)達地區(qū)人均能量使用量的九倍以上。 domestic product materials science and engineering market economy Societal issues economic index sanitation Gross national product popilation growth things that have been constant over time are human innovation and creativity the engineer’s ability to address societal needs and the entrepreneurial spirit of havewitnessed the reshaping of our lives through revolutions that hace taken place in medicine telemunications and transportantion percent of the world’s population lacks access to safe drinking water and nearly 40 has no access to and society are interlinked and it is only rational that we should see a close relation between the MSE research agenda and societal issues that affect the human condition on the ，金屬是一類容易失電子以形成正離子的元素，它與其他金 屬原子形成金屬鍵。，從而導致晶體 破裂。，可能含有十種以上 的元素。 electron electronic structure alkaline earth metal chemical cell nuclear charge electric are sometimes described as a lattice of positive ions surrounded by a cloud of delocalized in general have superior electric and thermal conductivity high luster and density and the ability to be deformed under stress without alloy is a mixture of two or more elements in solid solution in which the major ponent is a different ration of metals asalloys modifies the properties of pure metals to