【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ficulty. 湯姆毫不費(fèi)勁地爬上了樹 注： 當(dāng) difficulty 指籠統(tǒng)概念時(shí)，即 “困難、費(fèi)力 ”為不可數(shù)名 詞（如以上例句），當(dāng)它指具體的 “難事、困難 ”時(shí)用作可數(shù)名詞。如： We’ll meet with all kinds of difficulties. 我們會(huì)遇到各種困難 11. bring in: introduce, harvest, get money or ine 引進(jìn)，收獲 ⑴ Country music has bee big business. It brings in 300 million dollars a year. 鄉(xiāng)村音樂發(fā)展成為 一項(xiàng)商業(yè)，每年盈利 3 億美元。 ⑵ They have brought in experts to advise on the project. 他們已請(qǐng)來專家當(dāng)這項(xiàng)工程的顧問 ⑶ Farmers in the south have brought in good crops this year. 南方的農(nóng)民今年收獲了莊稼 ⑷ Don’t bring him in. He’ll do nothing to help. 別把他扯進(jìn)來，他幫不上什么忙 ⑸ They brought in some words from their own languages. 他們把自己語(yǔ)言中的一些詞語(yǔ)帶了進(jìn)來 其他相關(guān)短語(yǔ)： bring sth. about 使（某事）發(fā)生 bring sth. down 降低或減少 … ，使 … （從空中）落下 bring sth. up 培養(yǎng)、養(yǎng)育某人，嘔吐 bring …and …together 促使 (爭(zhēng)執(zhí)雙方 )和解 bring out 生產(chǎn)出 ,出版 ⑴ The Liberals wish to bring about changes in the electoral system.. 自用黨人想要改變選舉制度 ⑵ The prices have been brought. 價(jià)格已經(jīng)下降了 ⑶ Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt. 她小時(shí)侯父母就去世了 ,是由她姑姑養(yǎng)大的 ⑷ An enemy fighter was brought down. 一架敵機(jī)被擊落了 ⑸ The loss of their son brought the parents together. 雙方因失去兒子而言歸于好 ⑹ He brought out his lunch just now. 他剛剛把吃進(jìn)去的午飯吐出來了 ⑺ New personal puters are brought out almost daily. 幾乎每天都有個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)推出 12. except: 表示同類別事物中除去若干 ,常與 no,all,none,nothing,everything等包含全部的詞連用 , 位于句首時(shí)不用 except,常用 except for。 它后面可接介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞、不定式以及 that, when, where等引導(dǎo)的從句 (except for 不能這樣用 ) except for: 指不同類別的事情或性質(zhì)不同的事情 ,或表示某人 /物 在總體上是好的 ,只是其中的某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)或某個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)不盡人意 eg. ⑴ Except for Li Ming, they are all workers. 除了李明之外 ,他們都是工人 ⑵ Everybody except John was able to answer the question. 除了約翰之外 ,每個(gè)人都回答出了問題 ⑶ The room is empty except for a broken chair. (前后的名詞不同類 ) 這個(gè)房間空空的 ,只不過有把破椅子 ⑷ I know nothing about him except that he is from Japan. 我對(duì)他一無所知 ,只是知道他來自日本 ⑸ She goes to school by bike except when it rains. 她騎自行車去上學(xué) ,除了下雨時(shí)不騎 ⑹ He could do nothing except walk home.(except前若有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 do,則后面接不帶 to的不定式 ) 他只好走著回家了 =He had no choice but to walk home.( except 前若沒有 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 do,則后面接帶 to的不定式 ) 高考題例 : I know nothing about the young lady ________ she is from Beijing. (2021 上海高考 ) A. except B. except for C. except that 分析： except for 與 except that 同義，但 except for 后不能接句子，后句 “she is from Beijing”是一個(gè)完整的陳述句，故用 except that 連接， that 不作成分。 答案： C *besides: (prep.) “除 … 之外還有 ”，常與 also, else, other 等詞連用。如： ⑴ Besides tennis, he also plays basketball and football. 除了網(wǎng)球之外，他還打籃球和踢足球。 ⑵ I have three other dictionaries besides this one. 除了這本詞典，我還有三本別的詞典。 *besides: (adv.) 此外，而且 ⑴ I haven’t time to see the filmbesides, it’s had dreadful reviews. 我沒有時(shí)間去看這部影片，再說，影評(píng)也諸多貶斥。 ⑵ I am too busy to go for a walk。 besides, it is late. 我太忙不去散步了，而且時(shí)候已晚了。 13. with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) ：常在 句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨動(dòng)作、行為方式及原因、條件或結(jié)果等情況。 with + 賓語(yǔ) +prep./adj./ adv./ doing/ to do(表示要執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作 )/done（表示動(dòng)作的完成及被動(dòng)） ⑴ She often sleeps with the window open. (adj.) 她經(jīng)常開著窗戶睡覺。 ⑵ He came in with a book in his hand. (prep.) 他手里拿著本書進(jìn)來了 ⑶ She felt scared with so many people looking at her. （ doing） 這么多人看著她，她感到害怕。 ⑷ He was brought in with his hands tied back.. (done) 他雙手綁在身后被帶了進(jìn)來 ⑸ With everything bought, he left the market. (done) 買完了所需要的東西之后，他離開了市場(chǎng) ⑹ The king came in, with all his servants following him. (doing) 國(guó)王進(jìn)來了，身后跟著所有的仆人。 ⑺ With nothing to do, he went out for a walk . 由于沒有什么事情可做，他便到外面散步 ⑻ He left his room with the light on. (adv.) 他離開了房間，燈亮著 高考題例 1： With a lot of difficult problems _____, the newlyelected president is having a hard time.(2021 上海高考 ) A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 分析： 因后句的進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來， “新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)將要度過一段艱難的時(shí)光 ”，故用 “with＋賓語(yǔ)＋不定式 ”表示將來要執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作。 答案： C 高考題例 2： _____two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2021 北京高考 ) A. With B. Besides C. As for D. Because of 分析： 根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)采用 “with +賓語(yǔ) +不定式 ” 答案： A 14. a great / good many 修飾可數(shù)名詞，它的后面不能接 of 短語(yǔ)，但當(dāng)名詞前有 the, these, those, my, 等詞時(shí)，需加上介詞 of ⑴ A great many students like the movie. 好多學(xué)生喜歡這部電影 ⑵ We have read a good many books. 我們讀過許多書籍 ⑶ He has read a great many of the novels in this library. 他已讀了圖書館中的許多書 ⑷ A good many of his books were bought from this bookstore. 他的許多書是從這個(gè)書店里買的 其他表示 “許多 ”的短語(yǔ)： many a +單數(shù)名詞 a (large/great) number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 plenty of +不可數(shù)名詞／復(fù)數(shù)名詞 quite a few + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 a great deal of +不可數(shù)名詞 a large amount of +不可數(shù)名詞 ⑴ Many a strong man has weakened before such a challenge. 很多堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人面對(duì)這種困難都動(dòng)搖了 ⑵ A number of people have read this magazine. 好多人看過這本雜志 ⑶ There were quite a few copies sold on the first day. 第一天就賣了好多本 ⑷ She spent a great deal of money on clothes. 她花了許多錢買衣服 ⑸ They have a large amount of work to do. 他們有大量的工作要做 ⑹ There’s plenty of rain in my hometown. 我的家鄉(xiāng)雨水大 ⑺ There are plenty of eggs in the basket. 籃子里有許多雞蛋 15. have a good knowledge of … 了解，懂得，掌握 have no knowledge of… 不知道，不了解 to one’s knowledge 據(jù) … 所知 without the knowledge of 在 … 不知道的情況下 e to sb’s knowledge 被某人知悉 ⑴ I have a good knowledge of Chinese history. 我通曉中國(guó)歷史