【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 h代表事物三、定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤最佳答案定語從句是由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句，其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個成分，定語從句分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種。狀語從句分為時間狀語從句，結(jié)果狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，原因狀語從句，條件狀語從句以及行為方式狀語從句。名詞從句包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句及there be句型。一、限定性定語從句，which代表事物；它們在從句中作主語或賓語，that在從句中作賓語時?？墒÷躁P(guān)系詞，which在從句中作賓語則不能省略。而且，如果which在從句中作“不及物動詞＋介詞”的介詞的賓語，注意介詞不要丟 掉，而且介詞總是放在關(guān)系代詞which的前邊，但有的則放在它原來的位置，根據(jù)先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關(guān)系，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which，這些詞包括all, anything, much等，這時的that常被省略，分別作從句中的主語和賓語，whom作賓語時，要注意它可以作動詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語，用來表示地點的定語從句〔注〕值得一提的是，表示時間“time”一詞的定語從句只用when引導(dǎo)，有時不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當然也不用that引導(dǎo)By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two still remember the first time I met time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush ，修飾名詞作定語，相當于所修飾成分的前置所有格, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時，常用there is來引導(dǎo)二、非限定性定語從句：非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明，通常和主句間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立，that有時相當于in which, at which, for which或at whichAttitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which)attitudes towards night dreaming have ，這與人們對夜間做夢的看法的變化有非常相似之處。I like the music for the very reason that(for which)he dislike ，而他恰恰與我相反。We arrived the day that(on which)they 。，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物狀語從句167。 1狀語從句的種類用來修飾謂語動詞、其它動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子的從句叫做狀語從句。狀語從句可分為：；(adverbial clause of time)；(adverbial clause of place)；(adverbial clause of cause)；(adverbial clause of condition)；(adverbial clause of purpose)；(adverbial clause of concession)；(adverbial clause of parison)；(adverbial clause of degree)；(adverbial clause of manner)。(adverbial clause of result)167。2狀語從句的時態(tài)特點一般情況下，時間和條件狀語從句的謂語動詞一般用“一般現(xiàn)在時”表示“一般將來時”，用“現(xiàn)在完成時”表示“將來完成時”。例如：I will call you as soon as I arrive in 。（這是由as soon as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，從句中的謂語動詞arrive是一般現(xiàn)在時，表示一般將來時，決不可用will arrive）As soon as I have finished this work, I will go ，就回家。（從句中的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時have finished，表示將來完成時,決不可用will have finished）If he es back, please let me ，請通知我。（從句中的謂語動詞用es back,表示一般將來時，決不可用will e back）二 時間狀語從句167。3時間狀語從句（adverbial clause of time）, while, as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。例如：When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know ，你就是在開始知道一些事物了。When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with ，它在生長，它感到壓抑，它蓄存著這么一種爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就會炸破一切！Strike while the iron is 。Will you watch my clothes while I have a ，請你照看一下我的衣服。You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through ，你就能感覺到空氣在流動。Our headmaster laughed as she ?！緟^(qū)別】when, while和as的區(qū)別：when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。并且when有時表示“就在那時”。例如：When she came in, I stopped ，我在吃飯。(瞬時動詞)When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for ，我常常為他擔水。（延續(xù)性的動詞）We were about to leave when he came ，就在那時他進來了。While引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動作必須是延續(xù)性的，并強調(diào)主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生（或者相對應(yīng)）。并且while有時還可以表示對比。例如：While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.(was reading是延續(xù)性的動詞，was reading和was watching同時發(fā)生)I like playing football while you like playing ，而你喜歡打籃球。（對比）As表示“一邊……一邊”，as引導(dǎo)的動作是延續(xù)性的動作，一般用于主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生；as也可以強調(diào)“一先一后。例如：We always sing as we 。（as表示“一邊……一邊”）As we was going out, it began to ，開始下雪了。（as強調(diào)句中兩個動作緊接著先后發(fā)生，而不強調(diào)開始下雪的特定時間）。注意before引導(dǎo)的從句不再用否定式的謂語，并且當before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有時譯成“就，才”。還要注意主句和從句之間的時間關(guān)系。當主句用將來時，從句總是用現(xiàn)在時；如果before引導(dǎo)的從句謂語用的是過去時，則主句動詞多用過去完成時，這樣以便體現(xiàn)動作發(fā)生的先后。After表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后。主句和從句的動作的時間關(guān)系正好與before引導(dǎo)的從句相反。例如：It will be four days before they e 。Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw 。My father had left for Canada just before the letter 。They had not been married four months before they were 。After you think it over, please let me know what you ，告訴我你是怎樣決定的。After we had finished the work, we went ，我們回家了。（從句用過去完成時，主句用一般過去時）。till和until一般情況下兩者可以互換，但是在強調(diào)句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的謂語動詞是瞬時動詞時，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達的意思不同。例如：I didn39。t go to bed until（till）my father came 。It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me 。I worked until he came 。I didn39。t work until he came 。Please wait until I 。since引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。一般情況下，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時，而主句的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。但在It is ＋時間＋since從句的句型中，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：I have been in Beijing since you ，我一直在北京了。Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你見面以后，你到哪里去了？It is four years since my sister lived in 。It is five months since our boss was in 。 soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。這些連詞都表示“一……就”。例如：I will go there directly I have finished my ，我立即到那里去。The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the ，馬上趕到了出事地點。As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you ，就給你來電話。【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相當于as soon as之意。主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。當hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首時，主句應(yīng)用倒裝語序。例如：He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another ，就被邀請開始另一旅程。No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to mence ，他就起床勞動去了。Hardly had I sat down when he stepped ，他就進來了。He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his 。 the time引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。注意時態(tài)的變化：在一般情況下，如果從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時，主句的謂語動詞用過去完成時；如果主句的謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句的謂語動詞用將來完成時。例如：By the time you came back, I had finished this ，我已經(jīng)寫完這本書了。By the time you e here tomorrow, I will have finished this ，我將已經(jīng)完成此工作了。 time, every time和whenever引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。例如：Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on ，總是來看我。Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he39。s about to tell a “說實在話”的時候，我猜想他就要說謊了。You grow younger e