【文章內容簡介】 ： with 結構在句中作狀語,表示時間、條件、原因時一般放在句子前面,并用逗號與句子分開；表示方式和伴隨狀況時一般放在句子后面,不用逗號分開。若with結構作定語,則放在所修飾的名詞之后,一般不用逗號隔開。,不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、和過去分詞的區(qū)別： 在with結構中,不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補,表示主動,但是不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作,而現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在發(fā)生或發(fā)生了的動作；過去分詞表示被動或完成。例如： With the boy leading the way,we found he house easily.(小男孩已領過路)With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天將領路)He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.(寢室被關著)： with結構具有上述功能和特點,而“介詞with+名詞或代詞(組)”組成的一般的with短語在句子中可以作定語和狀語。作狀語時,它能表示動作的方式、原因,但不能表示時間、伴隨和條件。在一般的with短語中,with后面所跟的不是復合結構,也根本沒有邏輯上的主謂關系。： with結構屬于獨立主格結構,但在結構上,with結構由介詞with或without引導,名詞前有冠詞、形容詞、所有格代詞或其它詞類所修飾,結構較松散；而獨立主格結構沒有with或without引導,結構嚴密,名詞前可用可不用修飾語。在句法功能上,with結構可以作定語,獨立主格結構則不能；獨立主格結構通常在句中作狀語,但也可以作主語,而with結構則不能。獨立主格在口語中不常用,往往由一個從句代替,而with結構較口語化,較常用。例如： There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.(“with+復合賓語”結構,在句中作定語)A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.(名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞構成的獨立主格結構,作主語)The boy said,turning to the man,his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.(獨立主格結構,表示伴隨狀況或行為方式,作狀語)Then last night,I followed him here,and climbed in,sword in hand.(名詞+介詞短語構成的獨立主格結構,作狀語,表示伴隨情況)board, she went out to get something to eat.(without+代詞+過去分詞,作為原因狀語) received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______, he gladly accepted it.（2007 安徽） finished finished on, please give me some ideas about the so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down.(2007 福建) fill filled couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.（2005 北京） on on on go on two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004 北京) for D/ Because of was a pity that the great writer died _______ his works unfinished.(2004 福建) young woman _______ a baby sleeping in her arms was wandering in the should go to sleep with the light turned so many homework to do, Mary won’t have time to play with her friends this the door open, the noise of the machines is almost of his mother out, he had to stay at home all things considered, her proposal is of greater than his time permitting, we will visit the Summer 參考答案：15ABAAB 612ABBCDBC 文 章來源第三篇：狀語從句教案狀語從句定義：在復合句中作狀語的從句（2）as “一邊一邊”“隨著”引導持續(xù)性動作，側重主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生 I saw your sister as she was getting on the bus sang as he walked.（3）While：指的是“在某一時間里”，“在…期間”，從句里的動作必須是持續(xù)性的，它也強調主句和從句動作的同時發(fā)生， is tall while his brother is short 注意：如果同時出現(xiàn)，用when 位置：狀語的位置比較靈活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。分類：按意義可分為時間、條件、地點、原因、目的、結果、比較等狀語從句。一 時間狀語從句(主將從現(xiàn))before用法（1）在…之前(2)“就”、“才”：before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once, as soon asit is/will be +一段時間+before+句子“還要多久才，多久之后才/就”（由名詞詞組充當引導詞）：the moment ,the minute, the second, the instant, till和until用法(一…就…)。every time, each time, the last time, the first time, by the time，（1）都可以用于肯定句，譯為“直到。才”（由副詞充當引導詞）：immediately, directly, instantly,(一...就...)soon after, shortly after sooner…than…, hardly… when…, scarcely…when/before.(一…就…)用法:（1）中間用過去完成時，后面用一般過去式。（2.）no sooner/hardly/scarcely放在句首時,過去完成時句子部分倒裝，后面不倒裝。No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.（必背）連接詞when、while、as ⑴when①“正當…時候”，即可引導持續(xù)性動作，又可引導短暫性動作?？梢员硎局骶涞膭幼骱蛷木涞膭幼魍瑫r發(fā)生，或從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前。如： When I was a boy, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.（同時）When the lesson was over, we began our writing.（從句動作在前）When 的四個短語 be about to do sth when … 正要做。這時be doing sth when …正在做。這時be on the point of doing sth when …正要做。這時just …when …正。這時(2)否定句不用till，用until，短語“not …until..”直到。才。（3）放在句首表示強調時一般用until不用tilleg Until he returns,nothing can be done（4）倒裝句：not until 放句首，后面第二個句子部分倒裝。（5）強調句：結構 it is not until +被強調部分+that + 其他since 用法since結構 現(xiàn)在完成時+since+過去時 since強調句 it is +一段時間+since +過去時二 條件狀語從句（主將從現(xiàn)）引導詞: if（如果）, unless=if…not（除非,如果不）, as long as =so long as（只要), in case(that)(以防,萬一), on condition that(只要，條件是), if only(要是...多好), only if(只要), supposing/ suppose(假設，如果)provided that /providing(如果)，assuming that（假設）seeing that（考慮到，鑒于）,considering that（考慮到）, given that（假設）三 地點狀語從句常用引導詞：where，wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are you go, you should work It is such an interesting book that she has read it ：1不可數(shù)名詞一定與such連用 2可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)一定與such連用 3 little譯為“少的”與so 連用，譯為“小的”通常與such 連用。七 讓步狀語從句（主將從現(xiàn)）引導詞：though, although, as(盡管，雖然), even if, even though（即使）, while（然四 原因狀語從句而，盡管，一般用在句首）whever, no matter wh, whether…or…(不管。還是。)常用引導詞：because（因為）, since（既然）, as（由于）, now that（既然），注意：,，可與still，yet連用in that（因為）,.。because, since，as的區(qū)別：結構：n.(無冠詞)/adj./adv./v +as/though +主語＋謂語(時態(tài))eg：Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign 目的狀語從句Child as he was, he had to support the family.（表語名詞提前并常省去冠詞）引導詞：so that（以便于）, in order that（以便于，為了），lest（以防）, in caseno matter wh…只用于讓步狀語從句，wh+ever用于讓步狀語從句和名詞性從句,同（以防，萬一）, for fear that（以防，擔心，害怕），in the hope that（希望能）, for the時出現(xiàn)用wh+everpurpose that（為了）, to the end that（為了）八 比較狀語從句六 結果狀語從句常用引導詞：as(同級比較):as…as..(和…一樣)not as/so as(不如…)引導連詞有so that（以便于）, so….that, such….that…(如此。以至于…)than(不同程度的比較)…that… 與such…that… 的區(qū)別 so +adj./adv.+that so +adj.+a/an +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+ that so +many/much/few/little+名詞+that eg ：It is so interesting a book that she has read it twice such +a/an+adj.+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that such +adj.+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+that such +a lot of/lots of +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+that特殊引導詞：the 比較級。，the +比較級…。（越…,越…）越來越…（比較級and 比較級，more and more +多音節(jié)adj/adv）just as …(正如)，A is to B what /as C is to D（A對于B就像C對于D