【正文】 tie is our man who wears a red tie(戴紅領(lǐng)帶)is our workers working in the factory are workers who are working in the factory are 2．過去分詞做定語從功能上看，過去分詞做定語表示1）被動（及物）；2）完成（不及物）。做定語：相當(dāng)于一個定語從句（被動），有時侯也表示完成的 The broken window was repaired this window broken yesterday was….224。The window that/which was broken yesterday was…..昨天被打破的玻璃今早被修好了The sold hamburgers are not to my hamburgers sold in this chain are not to…..這家連鎖店賣的漢堡不適合我的口味 The hamburgers that/which are sold in this chain are not to….The arrived guests will be led in.（此過去分詞表示完成）The guests arrived just now will….剛到的客人將會被帶進(jìn)來 The guests who arrived just now will be….The book that was written by Wang sells book written by Wang sells tie that is worn by our head is made in tie worn by our head is made in SH The shoes(that were)made in a small factory are of bad 反之，一個定語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為分詞做定語的結(jié)構(gòu)The man I introduced to you yesterday had just returned from man introduced to you by me yesterday had just…昨天我給你介紹的那人剛從日本回來He is a man who is loved by He is a man loved by The leaves that have fallen are collected by the fallen leaves are collected…That letter I received last week was from The letter received last week was from Li.【三】狀語從句的省略一般說來省略現(xiàn)象多出現(xiàn)在下列五種狀語從句中：由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句；由whether ,if , unless 等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句；由 though , although ,even if ,whatever等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句；由 as ,than 等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句；由as, as if , as though 等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句。上述狀語從句在省略時，并非任何成分都可以省略而是遵循下面原則：（1）當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致時且從句中含有BE動詞的某種形式時，可以省略狀語從句的主語和系動詞be，這時從句中可出現(xiàn)如下結(jié)構(gòu)：① 連詞（as, as if , once）+ 名詞如：Once(he was)a worker ,Pang Long now bees a famous ，現(xiàn)在變成一位著名的歌手。②連詞（though, whether , when）+形容詞如：Work hard when(you are)young ,or you39。ll ，要不然你會后悔的。③連詞(whether, as if ,while)+介詞短語如：He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of 。④連詞(when , while , though)+ 現(xiàn)在分詞如：While(he was)holding talks with President Hu Jintao , US President George thanked China for its important role in the SixParty ，感謝中國在六方會談中起的重要作用。⑤ 連詞(when ,if ,even if ,unless ,once ,until, than , as)+ 過去分詞如：The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)⑥ 連詞(as if ,as though)+ 不定式如：Olympic gold medallist hurdler Liu Xiang opened his lips as if(he were)to 。（2）當(dāng)從句的主語與主句的主語不一致，但從句主語是 it，從句中又含有系動詞be 的某種形式時，可以把it和系動詞be一起省略。如：Unless(it is)necessary ,you39。d better not refer to the ，你最好不要查字典。各種狀語從句的省略現(xiàn)象列舉如下：一、時間狀語從句中的省略When(she was)very young, she began to learn to play the ，就開始學(xué)習(xí)彈鋼琴。While(I was)at college, I began to know him, a strange but able ，一個奇怪但有能力的學(xué)生。When arriving, send me a telegram.(When you arrive, send me a telegram.)到達(dá)之后，來個電報。Before leaving, turn off all the lights.(Before you leave, turn off all the lights.)走之前，請關(guān)閉所有的燈。Don’t e in until(you are)asked 。Whenever(it is)possible, you should e and 。You should let us know the result as soon as(it is)。注：as在引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，沒有這種省略現(xiàn)象。我們不可說As walking, she found a nice shining thing on the 、地點狀語從句中的省略地點狀語從句的省略常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)：where(ver)possible, where(ver)necessary，Lay these books where possible you can find them 。Put in articles wherever necessary in the following 。三、條件狀語從句中的省略常用的句型是：if necessary, if possible, if true, if anyone等。如：Send the goods now if(they are)，請送過來。He will e if(he is)，他就來。If(it is)necessary, ring me at ，朝我家里打電話。Come along with me if(it is).。If(it is)true, this will casue us a lot of ，這會給我們帶來很多麻煩。There are few people nowadays, if(there are)any, who remember 。You should stay where you are, unless(you are)asked to ，除非叫你動。四、讓步狀語從句中的省略He is a good man, though sometimes(he is)rather ，盡管有時有點無聊。Even if(I am)invited to, I won’t go to such a bad ，我都不想聽如此壞的報告。五、比較狀語從句中的省略She can play the piano just as wonderfully as you(do).她鋼琴彈的我你彈的一樣好。She has finished the work earlier than(it has been)expected.【四】with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with結(jié)構(gòu)是許多英語復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中最常用的一種。學(xué)好它對學(xué)好復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)、不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的構(gòu)成、特點及用法等作一較全面闡述,以幫助同學(xué)們掌握這一重要的語法知識。一、with結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成 它是由介詞with或without+復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成,復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞with或without的復(fù)合賓語,復(fù)合賓語中第一部分賓語由名詞或代詞充當(dāng),第二部分補(bǔ)足語由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式或分詞充當(dāng),分詞可以是現(xiàn)在分詞,也可以是過去分詞。With結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成方式如下： +形容詞； +副詞； +介詞短語； +動詞不定式； +分詞。下面分別舉例：She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名詞+形容詞,作伴隨狀語)With the meal over , we all went home.(with+名詞+副詞,作時間狀語)The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名詞+介詞短語,作伴隨狀語。)The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his 、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名詞+不定式,作伴隨狀語)He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代詞 +不定式,作條件狀語)She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 ,作伴隨狀語)Without anything left in the cupboard, shewent out to get something to eat.(without+代詞+過去分詞,作為原因狀語)二、with結(jié)構(gòu)的用法在句子中with結(jié)構(gòu)多數(shù)充當(dāng)狀語,表示行為方式,伴隨情況、時間、原因或條件(詳見上述例句)。With結(jié)構(gòu)在句中也可以作定語。例如： like eating the mooncakes with space the earth looks like a huge watercovered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the 、with結(jié)構(gòu)的特點+復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成。復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中第一部分與第二部分語法上是賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語關(guān)系,而在邏輯上,卻具有主謂關(guān)系,也就是說,可以用第一部分作主語,第二部分作謂語,構(gòu)成一個句子。例如： With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken good care of.)She fell asleep with the light burning.→(The light was burning.)With her hair gone,there could be no use for them.→(Her hair was gone.),第一部分為人稱代詞時,則該用賓格代詞。例如： He could not finish it without me to help 、幾點說明：