【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 sth be familiar to sb某事為某人所熟悉dream of/ about doing sth 夢想做某事 go for long bike rides 做長途自行車旅行 persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 說服某人做某事persuade sb not to do sth= persuade sb out of doing sth 說服某人不做某事 determine to do sth(動(dòng)作)/ be determined to do sth（心理）決心干某事get sb interested in 使某人對..感興趣 insist on(one’s)sth/ doing sth 一定要；堅(jiān)持要 the best way of doing sth/ the best way to do sth 干某事的最好辦法 sb be familiar with sth某人熟悉某事can’t wait/ can hardly wait to do sth 迫不及待想干某事for one thing… for another（用來引出某事的理由）一則… 二則… take one’s breath away 使某人大吃一驚句子歸納： was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong ：it is/ was….that….其中指人時(shí)可用who(主)，whom(賓)。 she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that we(should)find the source of the that….(should)+ v原形 堅(jiān)持要；堅(jiān)持要求 insist that….陳述語氣 堅(jiān)持說；堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為 you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles?(metaphor) climb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great luck on your lake shone like glass in the moonlight.(simile)Unit4 Earthquakes 重點(diǎn)詞組： have time to do 有時(shí)間做某事happen to do 碰巧做某事 shake hands with sb 握手 burst into tears/ laughter in ruins 成為廢墟cut across 穿過、橫穿 blow away 吹走、刮走 fall down 倒塌 rescue workers 救援人員 be pleased to do 樂意做某事 make/ give a speech 發(fā)表演說 judging….from 根據(jù)……來判斷 tens of thousands of 成千上萬dig out 挖掘burst out crying/laughing突然哭/笑起來think little of 對……評價(jià)低be proud of / take pride in 以……而自豪 invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事 invite sb for/ to sth think highly of 對……評價(jià)高 onethird 1/3 twothirds 2/3 seventyfive percent 75% agree with sbgive out 發(fā)出（氣味等）；分發(fā)；耗盡 a great/ large number of =a great many/good 大量的 be trapped in/ under 陷入……/ 陷在……下面the high school speaking petition 高中演講比賽have sb do sth= make sb do sth= let sb do sth 讓某人做某事e to an end(vi)= put/ bring sth to an end = put/ bring an end to sth 結(jié)束某事 agree to sthgive off 發(fā)出（氣味等）give back 歸還 give away 贈(zèng)送；泄露agree on sth 達(dá)成一致意見 agree to do sth right away= right now= at once= immediately 立刻 as you know 正如你所知道的be known as 作為……而知名as is known to all 眾所周知 be known for 因……而出名 as could be expected 正如可以預(yù)料到的 it is useless doing sth 干某事是無用的 happen= take place= e about= break out 偶發(fā) 有計(jì)劃 偶發(fā) 戰(zhàn)爭等爆發(fā) 句子歸納： is always calm before a , imagine there has been a big be 句型 ran out of the fields looking for places to seemed that the world was at an , food and electricity were hard to ：主語+ be + adj + to do 其中to do 用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義 hope was not 與not 連用 表示部分否定 ’s never too late to ，學(xué)到老。附：分詞用法 之 作定語falling leaves 正在落的葉子 boiling water 正在沸騰的水 fallen leaves 已經(jīng)落在地上的葉子 boiled water 開水 Unit5 Nelson Mandela重點(diǎn)詞組：lose heart 喪失勇氣 worry about 擔(dān)心 lose one’s heart to sb/sth 愛上，喜歡上 be worried about 擔(dān)心（狀態(tài)）in trouble 處于不幸中 be sentenced to 被判處be out of work = lose one’s job 失業(yè) be equal to 相等的，平等的be proud of / take pride in 以……而自豪 invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事 invite sb for/ to sth think highly of 對……評價(jià)高onethird 1/3 twothirds 2/3 seventyfive percent 75%agree with sbgive out 發(fā)出（氣味等）；分發(fā)；耗盡 as a matter of fact = in fact = actually 事實(shí)上blow up 充氣 爆炸beg for 乞討set up 建立，創(chuàng)立；設(shè)置，豎起 send up 發(fā)射，使上漲set about 著手做某事(set about doing sth)go up 上升，增長；被興建 set off 出發(fā)，動(dòng)身 set up 設(shè)立，建立；設(shè)置，豎起 set out 陳列，擺出；開始（set out to do sth）stop sb(from)doing sth be active in = take an active part in 積極參與，在……活躍 keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事die for 為……而死 die from 死于（外因）prevent sb(from)doing sth die of 死于（內(nèi)因 如：饑餓，寒冷，疾病等）agree with sb put sb in prison= throw sb into prison= send sb to prison 把……投入監(jiān)獄 advise sb to do sth 建議某人做某事 advice 不可數(shù) a piece of advice advise doing sth fight for 為爭取……而斗爭 advise sb on sth fight against 為反對……而斗爭advise that(should)+ v原fight with 同……并肩作戰(zhàn)/ 同……斗爭 have problems/ difficulty/ trouble with sth work out 算出have a go= have a trybreak the law 違反法律have problems/ difficulty/ trouble(in)doing sth be willing to do sth 樂于做某事 realize one’s dream of 實(shí)現(xiàn)…… 的夢想answer violence with violence 以暴制暴 e to power 當(dāng)權(quán)，上臺social activities 社會活動(dòng)equal(adj)equally(adv)equality(n)violence(n)violent(adj)cruelty(n)cruel(adj)cruelly(adv)educated(adj)education(n)willingunwilling 不愿意的 activeinactive 不活躍的 句子歸納： then did we decide to answer violence with 放在句首且后接狀語時(shí)（作狀語：副詞；介詞短語；狀語從句），要使用部分倒裝才用一般疑問句語序。Only yesterday did his father tell him the when his father came back did he go to bed.（從句無需倒裝，主句要倒裝） strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism。people’s rights。people’s ：民主、民權(quán)、民生。 felt bad the first time I talked to the first time 用法相當(dāng)于連詞用法，用來引導(dǎo)從句 鏈接：It’s the first time that 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) It was the first time that 過去完成時(shí) taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.（should have done 本應(yīng)做而未做）needn’t have done 本不應(yīng)做而做了 can’t have done 過去不可能做過第三篇：高中生物必修一知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)必修一第一章走近細(xì)胞第一節(jié)從生物圈到細(xì)胞病毒是無細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)的生物，寄生在活細(xì)胞中，利用細(xì)胞里的物質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)生活，繁殖。細(xì)胞是生物體結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的基本單位。生物圈中存在著眾多的單細(xì)胞生物，單個(gè)細(xì)胞就能完成各種生命活動(dòng)。許多植物和動(dòng)物是多細(xì)胞生物，他們依賴各種分化的細(xì)胞密切合作，共同完成一系列復(fù)雜的生命活動(dòng)。Eg：以細(xì)胞代謝為基礎(chǔ)的生物與環(huán)境之間物質(zhì)和能量的交換；以細(xì)胞增殖、分化為基礎(chǔ)的生長發(fā)育。以細(xì)胞內(nèi)基因的傳遞和變化為基礎(chǔ)的遺傳與變異。生命系統(tǒng)：能獨(dú)立完成生命活動(dòng)的整體。系統(tǒng)：指彼此間相互作用、相互依賴的組分有規(guī)律地結(jié)合而形成的整體。細(xì)胞→組織→器官→系統(tǒng)→個(gè)體→種群/群落PS：單細(xì)胞生物無組織、器官、系統(tǒng)，單細(xì)胞生物是個(gè)體；植物沒有系統(tǒng)。生態(tài)系統(tǒng)包括所有生物和無機(jī)生物。生物圈是最大的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。細(xì)胞是最基本的生物系統(tǒng)。第二節(jié) 細(xì)胞的多樣性和統(tǒng)一性細(xì)胞的統(tǒng)一性：動(dòng)植物細(xì)胞基本相似結(jié)構(gòu)，都具有細(xì)胞膜、細(xì)胞質(zhì)、細(xì)胞核（哺乳動(dòng)物、成熟的紅細(xì)胞沒有細(xì)胞核）。使用高倍顯微鏡： ① 轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)反光鏡使視野明亮。（對光）② 在低倍鏡下觀察清楚后，把放大觀察的物象移至視野中央。③ 轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換器，換成高倍物鏡。（視野變暗：調(diào)遮光器使光圈變大或把反光鏡換成凹面鏡）④ 觀察并用細(xì)準(zhǔn)焦螺旋調(diào)焦?？茖W(xué)家根據(jù)細(xì)胞內(nèi)有無核膜為界限的細(xì)胞核，把細(xì)胞分為真核細(xì)胞和原核細(xì)胞兩大類。原核生物：細(xì)菌（球、桿、螺旋、弧菌、乳酸菌）、衣原體、藍(lán)藻、支原體（沒有細(xì)胞壁，最小的細(xì)胞生物）、放線菌真核生物：植物、動(dòng)物、真菌（蘑菇、酵母菌、霉菌、大型真菌）病毒非真非原。藍(lán)藻：發(fā)菜、顫藻、念珠藻、藍(lán)球藻藍(lán)藻沒有成型的細(xì)胞核，有擬核——環(huán)狀DNA分子。藍(lán)藻細(xì)胞質(zhì)：藍(lán)藻素和葉綠素（物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)），能進(jìn)行光合作用（自養(yǎng)生物）；核糖體 細(xì)菌中的絕大多數(shù)種類是營腐生或寄生生活的異氧生物。原核細(xì)胞具有與真核細(xì)胞相似的細(xì)胞膜和細(xì)胞質(zhì)，沒有有核膜包被的細(xì)胞核，也沒有染色體，但有一個(gè)環(huán)狀的DNA分子，位于細(xì)胞內(nèi)特定的區(qū)域，這個(gè)區(qū)域叫擬核。對動(dòng)植物細(xì)胞的研究而揭示細(xì)胞的統(tǒng)一性和生物體結(jié)構(gòu)統(tǒng)一性。建立者：施萊登（德國），施旺（德國）。第二章 組成細(xì)胞的分子第一節(jié) 細(xì)胞中的元素和化合物生物體總是和外界環(huán)境進(jìn)行著物質(zhì)交換，歸根結(jié)底是有選擇的從無機(jī)自然界獲取各種物質(zhì)來組成自身。生物與非生物界具有統(tǒng)一性（元素種類）和差異性（元素含量）。（常見20多種）種類：大量元素：C H O N P S K Ca Mg微量元素：Fe Mn Cu Zn B Mo含量最多的4種（基本元素）：C H O N C是構(gòu)成細(xì)胞的最基本的元素 無機(jī)化合物：水，無機(jī)鹽有機(jī)化合物：糖類，脂質(zhì)，蛋白質(zhì)，核酸（可以提供能量）實(shí)驗(yàn)：檢測生物組織中的糖類、脂質(zhì)和蛋白質(zhì)實(shí)驗(yàn)原理：某些化學(xué)試劑能夠使生物組織中的有關(guān)有機(jī)化合物產(chǎn)生特定的顏色反應(yīng)。糖類中的還原糖（如葡萄糖、果糖、麥芽糖）與斐林試劑發(fā)生作用，生成磚紅色