【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 , neither...nor , not only...but also,both...and, whether...or 等；介于并列連詞與從屬連詞或介詞之間的結(jié)構(gòu)如 as well as , as much as, rather than , more than, no less than 等；此外還有些39。半連接詞39。，一些語(yǔ)法學(xué)家把它們稱為連接副詞，如 nevertheless, however, meanwhile, otherwise, likewise 等，在句中做連接性狀語(yǔ)。這類連詞主要是從邏輯上，而不是從形式上連接句子，其關(guān)系比較松散。并列關(guān)系的連詞有：and, both?and, not only?but also, as well as, and?as well, not?nor, neither?nor等。例4 He sang and played the 。（1）兩個(gè)對(duì)等的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)之間，在肯定句中用and，但在否定句中，不用and，一般用or或nor。例5 Our college is not in Beijing or 。（2）當(dāng)一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)否定詞時(shí)，應(yīng)該用and連接并列成分。這時(shí)and表示的也是全部否定。例6 He did not talk loudly and also not ，也不清晰。（3）and用來(lái)連接條件分句和結(jié)果分句，意思是“??，那么??”。當(dāng)兩個(gè)并列成分本身都是否定時(shí)，也要用and連接，and在這種情況下，仍然表示全部否定。（4）在e, go, run, hurry up, stay, stop等動(dòng)詞后，and能用來(lái)代替省略to不定式引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)。例7 Would you go and tell the children to shut up? 你能告訴孩子們別再說(shuō)話了嗎？注：有時(shí)and后可用第三人稱單數(shù)或過(guò)去式。例8 He went and had a drink with us ，和我們喝了點(diǎn)酒。用在try, wait等后，也有類似的用法，但只能用它們的原形。例9 Try and get some 。（5）祈使句 + and 表示結(jié)果。例10 Let’s give him some help, and he will be able to improve in his ，他一定會(huì)提高他的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)。（6）and that(or those)?，??而且?? 其作用是補(bǔ)充前面所說(shuō)的話，以達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)的目的。用來(lái)代表前一分句的全部或一部分。例11 He speaks English, and that very ，而且說(shuō)的很好。（7）at once? and ? 既 ??又??例12 The novel is at once interesting and ，又有教育意義。 ?and連接兩個(gè)平等的成分，避免用兩個(gè)以上的平等的成分。例13 A man should have both courage and 。 only? but also?有時(shí)but或also可省略，not only位于句首要倒裝。例14 He is not only handsome but also ，而且聰明。 well as相當(dāng)于連詞，其意為in addition to，and also，besides等。as well as的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在前，強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)。連接兩個(gè)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與第一個(gè)名詞相一致。例15 He as well as I agrees with 。例16 His parents as well as he are very kind to 。?nor? 它們可單獨(dú)使用，位于句首時(shí)要倒裝。例17 Gases have neither definite size nor shape of their ，也沒(méi)有形狀。例18 I can neither speak nor write 。轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比關(guān)系的連詞有：but, however, nevertheless, yet, while, still, whereas, onlybut , nevertheless, likewise, anyway , only , conversely , on the contrary, by this time, all the same , fortunately, on the other hand , in the meantime等。，意為但是、可是或然而，表示語(yǔ)義的轉(zhuǎn)折。例19 She was tired, but she still went on ，但她仍然繼續(xù)努力工作。 用作連接副詞，相當(dāng)于no matter how，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“不管怎樣??”“無(wú)論如何??”，具體結(jié)構(gòu)有以下兩種：（1）however+形容詞+主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞例20 However rich people are，they always seem anxious to take more ，他們似乎總是渴望掙到更多的錢(qián)。（2）however+副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)例21 However fast he runs，he can’t catch up with 。 然而，不過(guò)例22 He is charming。nevertheless, I don’t quite trust ，然而我不太相信他。 用作轉(zhuǎn)折連詞時(shí)，意思是“然而、可是”。例23 She has her weakness, yet that does not mean she is not qualified for the ，然而那并不意味著她不勝任這項(xiàng)工作。“而，然而”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折。例24 He went out, while I stayed at ，而我呆在家里。例25 We have made some achievements, still we should be modest and ，但我們?nèi)皂氈t虛謹(jǐn)慎。“而，然而”連接兩個(gè)對(duì)等的句子。例26 He is ill, whereas I am a little ，而我有些累了。例27 You may go, only e back ，只是要早點(diǎn)回來(lái)。選擇關(guān)系的連詞有：either?or, whether?or, or, rather than?，otherwise等。?or 作為選擇連詞，一般用來(lái)連接句子中的同等成分，如名詞、動(dòng)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等。但有時(shí)也可見(jiàn)到前后不一致的情況。例28 You may either stay here or go with ，也可以跟我們一起走。?or作“是??還是??”解時(shí)，whether表示一種選擇，其后可以跟介詞短語(yǔ)或不定式短語(yǔ)。例29 Please tell us whether to go or 。 A than B 連接兩個(gè)并列的成分表示寧愿??，后面常用動(dòng)詞原形。例30 I would rather read than watch 。 在并列結(jié)構(gòu)中，or通常用于否定句。表示選擇的并列結(jié)構(gòu)中or意思為“否則”。例31 Which would you rather do go walking or go to the movies? 你愿意去散步還是去看電影？因果關(guān)系的連詞有：so, for, therefore, accordingly, thus, hence, consequently,thus, on that account, in that case等?！耙虼恕?“所以”,連接并列句,前一分句表示原因,后一分句表示結(jié)果。例32 It was late, so we went ，所以我們就回家了。例33 He was angry, so he could not ，連話都說(shuō)不出來(lái)了。，連接兩個(gè)并列的分句，表示附加的或推斷的理由。例34 I could not visit you, for I felt unwell ，因此沒(méi)能拜訪你。 因此，所以。例35 He lost his health, and therefore his difficulties were ，因此他的困難比以前增加了。 因此，從此，表示原因，理由。例36 The town was built on the side of a hill。hence(es)the name ，于是命名為山邊。 結(jié)果，從而，因此。例37 It rained three days in succession, and consequently all the bridges were swept ，所有的橋都被沖走了。其它并列連詞常見(jiàn)的有： as well as, more than, rather than, no less than 等.(1)as well as 表示 39。同39。 和 39。也39。 的意義as well as 用作并列連詞時(shí)它意義相當(dāng)于 not only...but also, 但側(cè)重點(diǎn)在后一并列成分上而 as well as 側(cè)重點(diǎn)卻在前一并列成分上 ,A as well as B=not only B but also A.(2)more than 表示而不是之意.(3)rather than 表示 39。而不是39。 之意.(4)no less than 表示 39。 同...一樣 39。 as well as ,more than, rather than, no less than :(1)并列連詞不可以連用.(2)有些連接性狀語(yǔ)副詞可以和某些從屬連詞對(duì)應(yīng)使用.(3)在 for 或 so that , 、從屬連詞從屬連詞是用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句的，它在主句和從句中間起連接作用。具體地說(shuō)，從屬連詞主要引導(dǎo)名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句）和狀語(yǔ)從句，不引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。從屬連詞按詞形分為簡(jiǎn)單從屬連詞，復(fù)合從屬連詞，關(guān)連從屬連詞。1)簡(jiǎn)單從屬連詞 常見(jiàn)的有：after, although雖然，盡管, as, because, before, if, lest,once, since, that, till, unless, until, when, where, whether, while 等。2)復(fù)合從屬連詞由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單詞構(gòu)成的從屬連詞，如： as if猶如，好似, as far as至于，直到，遠(yuǎn)到；就?而言 , as soon as一就, according as , in case , no matter who(how,what,when, where), rather than, 3 for all that 盡管，雖然如此 , given(that), in order that, now(that), on condition that ,(so)that ,provided/providing(that), inasmuch as , insofar as , in that,now that等。3)關(guān)聯(lián)從屬連詞 由兩個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)構(gòu)成的，如： as...as, nore(less,er)...than, no sooner...than, so...as , so...that,such...sa , the...the, whether...or 等，使用從屬連詞時(shí)，應(yīng)該注意(1)由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，其位置通常是可變的。(2)并列連詞之間之前不可以加其它連詞，而從屬連詞之前可以加并列連詞；連接副詞。使用連詞時(shí), 還應(yīng)該注意: , for, since, as 的區(qū)別 1）、because語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng), 表示客觀必然原因：例如: He is absent, because he is ，所以他沒(méi)來(lái)。比較:He is absent, for he is busy.（“生病”是“缺席”的必然原因，“忙”不是必然原因。）2）、for 語(yǔ)氣輕,表示非客觀必然的原因,是主觀可改變結(jié)果的原因,甚至是猜測(cè)可能的原因: for 不能放句首,它是并列連詞。He must be ill, for he is absent.“缺席”不一定是“生病”，只是交流猜測(cè)。.3）、since, as 都是不講自明的原因, I am a boy, let me carry the you don39。t feel well,you had better stay at 、知識(shí)拾零when和which等引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，分別稱為連接副詞和連接代詞；引導(dǎo)形容詞性從句時(shí)，分別稱關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系代詞，都在句子中作成分，不叫“連詞”。while作并列連詞，還可意為“但是，可是；然而”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ?。既能引?dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，)、在表示“是否”的意思時(shí)，whether和if都能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。但在正式文體中有or not或 wheither? or時(shí)或介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)我用wheither。2）表示“假如”的意思時(shí)，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能用if，不能用wheither。when和while可以作從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。when也可以作并列連詞，意思為“就在這時(shí)突然”。While作并列連詞時(shí)，意思為“然而”。when作連詞——引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句；作連接副詞——引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；作關(guān)系副詞——引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；作疑問(wèn)副詞——引出疑問(wèn)句。until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常與not連用while和when都有“當(dāng)??的時(shí)候”，不過(guò)while引導(dǎo)的從句通常動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性的（如：work）而when 引導(dǎo)的從句動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性的也可以是非延續(xù)性的。從屬連詞since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。屬連詞until的用法。until意為“直到??為止”，表示時(shí)間上的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，到了這個(gè)時(shí)刻，就立刻停止，轉(zhuǎn)為另外的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。并列連詞not only?but also? 中的also可以省略，但but不能省略