【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 egan to be spoken in both ，隨著時(shí)間的推移英語為什么發(fā)生了變化呢？實(shí)際上，當(dāng)不同文化相互交流滲透時(shí)，所有的語言都會(huì)有所發(fā)展和變化。開始，英格蘭人在大約公元450年到1150年之間所說的英語與我們今天所說的英語很不一樣。當(dāng)時(shí)的英語更多的是以德語為基礎(chǔ)的，不像我們現(xiàn)在說的英語。后來，大約在公元800年至1150年之間，英語慢慢變得不那么像德語，因?yàn)榻y(tǒng)治英格蘭的那些人開始是說丹麥語，后來說法語。這些新來的定居者豐富了英語語言，尤其是豐富了英語詞匯。所以到17世紀(jì)初的時(shí)候，莎士比亞能夠得以使用比以往任何時(shí)候都豐富的詞匯。1620年一些英國(guó)定居者來到了美洲，后來到了18世紀(jì)的時(shí)候，一些英國(guó)人還被帶到了澳大利亞。英語也就開始在這兩個(gè)國(guó)家使用。Finally by the 19th century the language was that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English latter gave a separate identity to American English ，英語這種語言就變得穩(wěn)定了。當(dāng)時(shí)，英語的拼寫發(fā)生了兩個(gè)很大的變化：先是塞繆爾約翰遜編寫了他的英語詞典，后是諾亞韋伯斯特出版了《美國(guó)英語詞典》。后者使得美式英語的拼寫有了其獨(dú)特的個(gè)性。English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to that time English became the language for government and is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South the number of people learning English in China is increasing fact, China may have the largest number of English Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will 。比如，印度就有很多人說英語說得很流利，因?yàn)樵?765年到1947年之間英國(guó)統(tǒng)治著印度。在此期間，英語成了印度政府和教育所用的語言。在新加坡和馬來西亞以及像非洲的南非，人們現(xiàn)在也說英語。當(dāng)今，在中國(guó)學(xué)英語的人數(shù)正在快速增加，事實(shí)上，中國(guó)可能是學(xué)英語人數(shù)最多的國(guó)家。中國(guó)式英語是否也能發(fā)展成一種具有自己獨(dú)特個(gè)性的語言？這還有待時(shí)間去證明。Using Language 語言運(yùn)用STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTS What is standard English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, India and New Zealand? Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent , on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people people use words and expressions different form ―standard language‖, it is called a English has many dialects, especially the midwestern, southern, African American and Spanish in some parts of the USA, two people from neighbouring towns speak a little English has so many dialects because people have e from all over the also plays a part in making people who live in the mountains of the eastern USA speak with an older kind of English Americans moved form one place to another, they took their dialects with people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as people in the northwestern USA is a large country in which many different dialects are many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each other’s ？是在英國(guó)、美國(guó)、加拿大、澳大利亞、印度、新西蘭所說的英語嗎？信不信由你，（世界上）沒有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語。許多人認(rèn)為，電視和收音機(jī)里所說的英語就是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語，這是因?yàn)樵谠缙诘碾娕_(tái)節(jié)目里，人們期望新聞播音員所說的英語是最好的英語。然而，在電視和收音機(jī)里，你也會(huì)聽出人們?cè)谡f話時(shí)的差異。當(dāng)人們使用不同于“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語言”的詞語和表達(dá)時(shí)，那就叫做方言。美國(guó)英語有許多方言，特別是中西部地區(qū)和南部地區(qū)的方言，以及美國(guó)黑人和西班牙人的方言。即使在美國(guó)有些地區(qū)，兩個(gè)相鄰城鎮(zhèn)的人所說的方言也可能稍有不同。美國(guó)英語之所以有這么多的方言是因?yàn)槊绹?guó)人是來自世界各地的緣故。地理位置對(duì)方言的形成也有所影響。住在美國(guó)東部山區(qū)的一些人說著比較古老的英語方言。當(dāng)美國(guó)人從一個(gè)地方搬到另一個(gè)地方時(shí)，他們也就把他們的方言隨著帶去了。因此，美國(guó)東南部山區(qū)的人同美國(guó)西北部的人所說的方言就幾乎相同。美國(guó)是一個(gè)大國(guó)，有著許許多多彼此不同的方言。雖然許多美國(guó)人經(jīng)常搬家，但是他們?nèi)匀荒軌虮鎰e和理解彼此的方言。Reading and speaking 讀與說Amy and her American friends are visiting plan to visit Amy’s aunt and decide to go there by underground, but cannot find the nearest underground she asks directions and then tells her the dialogue and circle the words that mean the 艾米和她的美國(guó)朋友正在參觀倫敦。她們計(jì)劃去拜訪艾米的姑媽，并決定乘地鐵去，但是她們找不到最近的地鐵站。所以她問問了路，然后告訴她的朋友。讀對(duì)話，然后圈出意思相同的詞。AMY: Excuse me, Ma’ you tell me where the nearest subways is?LADY: Er...the underground? Well, go round the corner on your lefthand side, straight on and cross two ’ll be on your righthand : Thanks so : What did she say, Amy? AMY: She told us to go around the corner on the left and keep going straight for two subway will be on our ：對(duì)不起，夫人，你能告訴我去最近的地鐵站怎么走嗎？夫人：呃??地鐵？哦，往左邊拐過去，一直往前走，走過兩條街，地鐵就是右邊。艾米：多謝了。朋友：艾米，她說什么？艾米：她叫我們往左邊拐過去，一直往前走，走過兩條街，地鐵就是右邊。【意思相同的詞】subway←→underground（地鐵）righthand side←→right（右邊）street←→block 街道，街區(qū)第三單元Travel journal JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONG PART 1 THE DREAM AND THE PLANMy name is Wang since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy year, she visited our cousins, Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college in are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other Wei soon got them interested in cycling graduating from finally got the chance to take a bike asked my sister, “Where are we going?” It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it she is planning our schedule for the am fond of my sister but she has one serious can be really she didn39。t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip , I know that the proper way is always her kept asking her, “When are we leaving and when are we ing back?” I asked her whether she had looked at a map course, she hadn39。t。my sister doesn39。t care about I told her that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai gave me a determined look—the kind that said she would not change her I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 metres, she seemed to be excited about I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting know my sister she has made up her mind, nothing can change , I had to give months before our trip,Wang Wei and I went to the found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world the atlas we could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier on a Tibetan first the river is small and the water is clear and it begins to move bees rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across western Yunnan the river bees a waterfall and enters wide were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in it leaves China and the high altitude,the Mekong bees wide，brown and it enters Southeast Asia, its pace makes wid