工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯外文翻譯外文文獻(xiàn)英文文獻(xiàn)中英對照產(chǎn)品責(zé)任制為設(shè)計(jì)帶來的啟示(編輯修改稿)
2025-01-11 04:34 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ctors which influence Fitness for Use and which should be expressed or implied in the designer39。s brief. But how successful have designers been in achieving fitness for use in the products which they have designed? The remarkable growth of the consumer movement in the past twenty years is a reflection of widepread dissatisfaction with products and services available. One aspect of consumer dissatisfaction, safety or more correctly, the lack of safety, has received particular attention in courts and in legislatures, especially in the US. In 1963, the Supreme Court of California ruled that A manufacturer is strictly liable in tort when an article he places on the market, knowing that it is to be used without inspection for defects, proves to have a defect which causes injury to a human being. This Californian decision was followed by many other states and led to the Product Liability Crisis of the early 1970s in the US. Despite this legal background, it was estimated that in 1973 there were over six million productassociated accidents in the US. The sheer size of the problem led to the establishment of the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) in 1973. The Commission39。s main task is to reduce unreasonable risks of injury associated with consumer products. It can set mandatory safety standards, ban products and order recalls if necessary. In Europe, court decisions eased the lot of injured consumers. But the courts did not introduce strict product liability in tort as did the Californian Supreme Court. However, events such as the thalidomide disaster focused attention on the need for legal changes to assist persons injured by defective products. If the injured person has purchased the product, existing contract laws make it paratively easy to obtain redress. But if the injured person is not the purchaser, redress is very difficult, if not impossible, to secure. The accident toll in Europe was, as in the US, horrendously high. In 1985, BEUC, the European anisation for consumers, published a report on consumer safety. The report quoted EEC Commission estimates that there were 30,000 deaths per year and 40 million injuries due to domestic accidents in 1984[2]. During the 1970s various British and European anisations considered the introduction of strict product liability in tort. The Council of Europe opened the Convention on Products Liability to signature by the Member States in 1977. The Convention made the producer liable to pay pensation for death or personal injuries caused by a defect in his product. But few Member States of the Council of Europe
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