【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 the main attraction, sustainable destination development of the area is vital for them to prevent the negative impacts (. destroying the authentic identity of the tribal munity) due to tourism. Management Issues 6 Certainly, the principle of one size fits all” doesn?t apply to destination planning. The needs, expectations, and anticipated benefits from tourism vary greatly from one destination to another. This is clearly exemplified as local munities living in regions with tourism potential (destinations) develop a vision for what kind of tourism they want to facilitate, depending on issues and concerns they want to be settled or satisfied. Destination Planning Resources Planning Guides Culture: the heart of development policy. It is important that the destination planner takes into account the diverse definition of culture as the term is subjective. Satisfying tourists39。 interests such as landscapes, seascapes, art, nature, traditions, ways of life and other products associated to them which may be categorized cultural in the broadest sense of the word, is a prime consideration as it marks the initial phase of the development of a cultural destination. The quality of service and destination, which doesn39。t solely depend on the cultural heritage but more importantly to the cultural environment, can further be developed by setting controls and policies which shall govern the munity and its stakeholders. It is therefore safe to say that the planner should be on the ball with the varying meaning of culture itself as this fuels the formulation of development policies that shall entail efficient planning and monitored growth (. strict policy on the protection and preservation of the munity). Local munity, tourists, the destination and sustainable tourism While satisfying tourists39。 interests and demands may be a top priority, it is also imperative to ruminate the subsystems of the destination39。s (residents). Development pressures should be anticipated and set to their minimum level so as to conserve the area39。s resources and prevent a saturation of the destination as to not abuse the product and the residents correspondingly. The plan should incorporate the locals to its gain by training and employing them and in the process encourage them to participate to the travel business. Keep in mind that the plan should make travellers not only aware about the destination but also concern on how to help it sustain its character while broadening their travelling experience. Sources of Data The core of a planner?s job is to design an appropriate planning process and facilitate munity decision. Ample information which is a crucial requirement is contributed through various technical researches and analyzes. Here are some of the helpful tools monly used by planners to aid them: 7 1. Key Informant Interviews 2. Libraries, Inter, and Survey Research 3. Census and Statistical Analysis 4. Spatial Analysis with Geographical Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies Key Institutions Participating structures are primarily led by the government?s local authorities and the official tourism board or council, with the involvement of various NGOs, munity and indigenous representatives, development anizations, and the academe. Case Studies: Mountainous Regions of Central Asia and in the Himalayas in China Tourism is ing to the previously isolated but spectacular mountainous regions of Central Asia, the Hindu Kush and the Himalayas in China. Closed for so many years to visitors from abroad, it now attracts a growing number of foreign tourists by its unique culture and splendid natural beauty. However, while this influx of tourists is bringing economic opportunities and employment to local populations, helping to promote these littleknown regions of the world, it has also brought challenges along with it: to ensure that it is wellmanaged and that its benefits are shared by all. As a response to this concern, the Norwegian Government, as well as the UNESCO, anized an interdisciplinary project called the Development of Cultural and Ecotourism in the Mountainous Regions of Central Asia and the Himalayas project. It aims to establish links and promote cooperation between local munities, national and international NGOs, and tour agencies in order to heighten the role of the local munity and involve them fully in the employment opportunities and inegenerating activities that tourism can bring. Project activities include training local tour guides, producing highquality craft items and promoting homestays and bedandbreakfast type acmodation. As of now, the project is drawing on the expertise of international NGOs and tourism professionals in the seven participating countries, making a practical and positive contribution to alleviating poverty by helping local munities to draw the maximum benefit from their region?s tourism potential, while protecting the environmental and cultural heritage of the region concerned. 3. Different history background of tourism. 8 Travel in Western Countries. Wealthy people have always traveled to distant parts of the world, to see great buildings, works of art, learn new languages, experience new cultures and to taste different cuisines. Long ago, at the time of the Roman Republic, places such as Baiae were popular coastal resorts for the rich. The word tourism was used by 1811 and tourist by 1840. In 1936, the League of Nations defined foreign tourist as someone traveling abroad for at least twentyfour hours. Its successor, the United Nations, amended this definition in 1945, by including a maximum stay of six months. Leisure travel Leisure travel was associated with the Industrial Revolution in the United Kingdom – the first European country to promote leisure time to the increasing industrial