【文章內(nèi)容簡介】
后,而漢語中的定語則放在被修飾詞之前。(三)讓學(xué)生辨別定語從句在初中階段,學(xué)生容易把賓語從句和定語從句混淆,所以有必要讓學(xué)生比較和區(qū)分兩種從句。例如I can’t understand what he told me that he had bought another new can’t understand anything that he told me a story that was ,然后引導(dǎo)他們總結(jié)出兩者的不同。二、讓學(xué)生掌握定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)定語從句中的句型結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜,有先行詞、關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞,, which, who, whom, whose 等。關(guān)系副詞主要有where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用,關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中要充當(dāng)一個成分。關(guān)系代詞在從句中可作主語、賓語或定語,關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語。例如: The woman whose son works as a doctor is very kind.(做定語)I can’t forget the day that he spent with me.(做賓語)The girl who is in red is a new er.(做主語)在具體的示例中,要求學(xué)生找出哪里是先行詞,哪里是從句,哪些是關(guān)系代詞或副詞,并明確它們在從句中的成分。在分析結(jié)構(gòu)的過程中一定要由淺入深,循序漸進(jìn),便于學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和理解。三、讓學(xué)生明白何時用關(guān)系代詞,何時用關(guān)系副詞對于初中學(xué)生來說,何時選用冠詞代詞或關(guān)系副詞是定語從句中的一個難點。例如:I can’t forget the day _______ he spent with :The river ______ they are swimming is very river ________ they are swimming in is very 。其實,這涉及到從句是否缺賓語的問題。當(dāng)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)從句的謂語動詞或謂語動詞+介詞結(jié)構(gòu)之后沒有名詞,代詞或動名詞時,我們可引導(dǎo)學(xué)生把從句的謂語動詞(謂語+介詞)和前面的先行詞進(jìn)行搭配,看看兩個部分是否能構(gòu)成正確的動賓搭配。如,spent the day with me, swimming in the ,則從句缺賓語,故選擇關(guān)系代詞,反之,如果不能構(gòu)成正確的動賓搭配,則判斷從句不缺賓語,應(yīng)選關(guān)系副詞。在實際練習(xí)中,一定要強(qiáng)調(diào),不能太看重先行詞的意思,還要明確地引導(dǎo)學(xué)生掌握定語從句的解題步驟:先看從句類型,再分析從句主干,再看先行詞,、讓學(xué)生理解并巧記關(guān)系代詞的用法通過講解和基本練習(xí),讓學(xué)生明白定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)后,就必須讓學(xué)生弄懂怎么選擇正確的關(guān)系代詞了。教學(xué)過程中堅持先一般再個別的原則,由淺入深地引導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和掌握關(guān)系代詞。在練習(xí)之后,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生巧記關(guān)系代詞的基本用法: that 指物又指人,做主做賓都可行; which專指物,做主做賓兩不誤; who 只指人,可做主語和普賓; whom專指人,可做普賓和特賓。(特賓是指作提前的介詞的賓語,普賓是一般情況的賓語,即介未提前的情況)當(dāng)先行詞指人,關(guān)系代詞作提前的介詞的賓語時,關(guān)系代詞用whom。當(dāng)先行詞指物,關(guān)系代詞作提前介詞賓語時,:The man to whom my mother is talking is my survey in which many students have taken part is very that的情況。在這個環(huán)節(jié),必須強(qiáng)調(diào)解題步驟,先看從句,找出句子主干,確定是否缺賓語,確定是否該選關(guān)系代詞,然后再看先行詞,;當(dāng)先行詞是指物的不定代詞時; 當(dāng)先行詞由形容詞最高級修飾時;當(dāng)先行詞由序數(shù)詞修飾時; 當(dāng)先行詞由the only, the very修飾時。在教學(xué)過程中還要請學(xué)生區(qū)分類似的句子: The Great Wall was the firstplace that I went The Great Wall was the first place where I ,當(dāng)先行詞和從句的主語存在所屬關(guān)系時,關(guān)系代詞用whose 例如:Ilike the book whose cover is 、讓學(xué)生學(xué)以致用學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)語法知識的目的就是應(yīng)用。因此,在講解了定語從句的知識后,一定要設(shè)法讓學(xué)生理論聯(lián)系實際。在學(xué)習(xí)英語的過程中,只要一遇到定語從句,就讓學(xué)生辨別,分析其結(jié)構(gòu),并讓他們翻譯練習(xí)。在平時的寫作訓(xùn)練和檢測中有意地要求學(xué)生簡單運用定語從句。久而久之,定語從句這個難題就引刃而解了??傊?,任何一種語法現(xiàn)象都有其自身的規(guī)則,都是在學(xué)習(xí)中理解,都是在理解中明確,都是在運用中掌握。只要我們引導(dǎo)我們的學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中多注意,多觀察,多分析,多領(lǐng)會并多應(yīng)用,相信無論什么語法難題都不是問題了。第四篇:定語從句講解定語從句專題講解一、基本概念:在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years ;定語從句一般用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo),關(guān)系詞放在先行詞與定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作從句中的一個成分。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有:that, who, whom, whose, which,as 關(guān)系副詞有:when, where, 、關(guān)系詞的用法:(一)關(guān)系代詞的用法:1. 作主語用who, which和that, 如: He is the man who/that lives next train which/that has just left is for . 作賓語用whom, who, which, that, 如:The man(whom/who/that)we have just seen is a famous is the book(which/that)I bought last week? 注:在非正式文體中,用于指人的關(guān)系代詞who whom, that 通??梢允÷?,但在正式文體中通常用whom, 不可省略;用于指物的關(guān)系代詞which和that 在非正式文體中也通常省略,但在正式文體中一般不省略。3. 作定語用whose, 如:(a)He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b)It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that :“whose +名詞中心詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定語從句中既能作主語(如上a句),又能作賓語(如上b句)。whose 的先行詞常用來指人,但有時也可以用來指具體事物或抽象概念,這時可以與of which 結(jié)構(gòu)互換,詞序是:“名詞+of which”,如: They came to a house whose back wall had broken down..(= the back wall of which)He’s written a book the name of which I’ve pletely forgotten.(= whose name)4. 作表語只用that,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但時常省略。如: He is no longer the man that he used to is no longer the dirty place(that)it used to be.(二)關(guān)系副詞的用法:1.when 指時間,在從句中作時間狀語,它的先行詞通常有:time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如:I still remember the time when I first became a college you know the date when Lincoln was born? 注:when時常可以省略,特別是在某些句型和某些時間狀語中。如: Each time he came, he did his best to help help never stopped ing from the day she fell .where指地點,在從句中作地點狀語。它的先行詞常有:place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等。This is the hotel where they are forget the house where the Smiths :where有時也可以省略。如:This is the place(where)we met . why指原因或理由,它的先行詞只有reason。如: That is the reason why he is leaving so :why時常也可以省略。如: That is the real reason he did it.(三)使用關(guān)系副詞應(yīng)注意下列幾點:1. 這三個關(guān)系副詞在意義上都相當(dāng)于一定的介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu): when = on(in, at, during?)+ which。where = in(at, on?)+ which。why = for :I was in Beijing on the day when(=on which)he office where(=in which)he works is on the third is the chief reason why(=for which)we did . 當(dāng)先行詞是表時間的time, day等和表地點的place, house等時,一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu),如果缺少主語或賓語時,關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用which或that, 缺少時間狀語或地點狀語時,才能用when或where,試比較:I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was ’ll n