【文章內容簡介】 hich”。因此，hereof = of this，herewith = withthis 關于此點； hereafter = after this time。in the future 自此以后，將來；hereby = by means of this 以此方式；herein = in this place于此處；hereinafter = below or in this document 在下文；hereto = to this 由是，由此；thereinafter = in that part 在下部分；thereupon= as a result of that 于是，因此；therefor = for that object 為此，因之；whereas = considering that 考慮到，鑒于；whereof = ofwhat 所談的事；whereby = by which 借以；whereupon = after which 然后。如：受讓方應保持十分詳細的帳簿和記錄，使下述提成費能據(jù)此確定為驗明提成報告和所支付的提成費，受讓方還應準許出讓方指定的有身份證明的公共會計師，在營業(yè)時間任何合適的時候檢查帳簿和記錄。The Licensee shall keep books and records in sufficient detail to enable the royalties payable hereunder to the determined , and，shall further permit such books and records to be examined by a certified public accountant appointed by the Licensor at anyreasonable time during the business hours to the extent necessary to verify the royalty and payments 正規(guī)性詞語的準確。商務合同的用詞一般都正式、規(guī)范的語言，而不能太口語化?？蓮摹皊hall”在商務合同中的廣泛使用看出這一點。用“shall”代替“will”or“should”以加強語氣和強制力。“shall”在合同中，并非指單純的將來時，而是常常用來表示法律上可以強制執(zhí)行的義務，表示當事人需要承擔的義務，有“應該”、“必須”的意思?！皐ill”在合同中雖也用作表示承擔義務，但語氣比“shall”弱。在合同中“should”通常只用來表示語氣較強的假設“萬一”，極少用來表示“應該”，這是英語合同用詞與基礎英語用詞的不同之處。如：賣方保證貨物達到質量標準，沒有瑕疵。雖然中文中無“應該”字樣，但應翻譯成：The seller shall guarantee that the goods meet the quality standards and without ：修改―amend―change, correct；給予―assign―give；召集會議―convene―call to meet；解釋―construe―explain；同意―consent―agreement；立約―covenan―promise in writing；認為―deem―consider；立刻－forthwith－at once；臨時的－interim－temporary；參與－partake－join；要求－require－ask；遞交－surrender－give。 專用表達的準確。在商務合同中還經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一些像In Witness Whereof、Know All Men by these presents 之類的專用表達，這些單詞或詞組在日常交流中幾乎不用。如：（1）本協(xié)議書于上面所簽定的日期由雙方根據(jù)各自的法律簽定，開始執(zhí)行，特立此據(jù)。In Witness Whereof, the parties hereto have caused the Agreement to be executed on the day and year first before written inaccordance with their respective laws.（2）特此宣布，我中國建設銀行向騰達公司立約擔保支付三百萬元人民幣保證金，本保證金對銀行及其繼承人和受讓人均具有約束力。Know All Men by these presents that we Construction Bank of China will be bound to Tengda the sum of threemillion RMB yuan for payment well and truly to be made to the Owner , the Bank will bind itself , its successors and assigns bythese 詞項重復的準確。詞項重復是指很少使用代詞，重復關鍵詞。這是為了達到準確的目地。除在“it is agreed as follows”和“it is understood that”兩種結構中外,代詞“it”幾乎見不到。此外,名詞前常用“said”、“aforesaid”、“abovementioned”等來限定,如：如賣方延遲交貨超過合同規(guī)定10 周時，買方有權撤消合同。此時賣方仍應不延遲地按上述規(guī)定向買方支付罰款。In case the Seller fails to make delivery ten weeks later than the time of shipment stipulated in the Contract, the Buyer shallhave the right to cancel the Contract, and the Seller, in spite of the cancellation, shall nevertheless pay the aforesaid penalty to theBuyer without 句式結構的準確。（1）商務合同中均以完整句子為主，陳述句居多，具有相同或類似的深層邏輯結構。且多用主動語態(tài)，少用被動語態(tài)。因為主動語態(tài)比較自然、明確、直接和有力。如：本租賃合同生效日起，承租人應向出租人支付相當于二個月租金（4，000 美元）的押金，作為對忠實履行本租約的擔保金。本押金將于1998 年5 月11 日租約到期時，在承租人交還租房，而設備完好的前提下，歸還承租人（不計息），或者，在租約提前終止時，按本租約規(guī)定辦理。On the date of ing into force of this Lease, the Lessee deposits with the Lessor the sum equaling two months’ rent(=USD4,000)as security for the faithful performance of the provisions of this lease, and to be returned to the Lessee without interest whenthe Lessee surrenders the premises and all the equipment in good condition on expiration May 11, 1998 of this lease or based on theconditions of this Lease for sooner ，中文是兩個句子，而為了表達連貫，富有邏輯，英文翻譯中只用了一個完整的句子：主句加時間狀語從句，附帶介詞詞組狀語和分詞詞組狀語。（2）常用條件句。合同除了規(guī)定雙方應該履行的義務外，還設想了各種可能發(fā)生的情況和處理辦法，所以條款中條件句較多，尤其是在有關付款、違約責任、不可抗力、財產處理和仲裁等幾章中更是屢見不鮮。英文中最常見的有以下幾種表達方式： in the event that, in case 等。這種結構雖然拖沓冗長，但表意非常精確，杜絕了產生歧義的情形。如：若需要進口許可證，買方應在訂貨前辦妥。In case the Import License is required, the buyer should settle the problem before placing the order.（3）為了表達希望某事不太可能發(fā)生，常用“should”放于句首，主語與動詞倒置的從句加主句的句型。這種結構表示強烈的假設。如：假如買方未能履行與賣方所訂立合同的任何條款，賣方有權終止全部或部分合同，或延期交貨，或截留運輸中貨物。Should the buyer fail to perform any provision of the contract signed with the seller, the seller is entitled to terminate the wholeor any part of the contract, or postpone the delivery or hold back the goods in 狀語位置的準確。按照英語寫作的一般規(guī)則，主謂之間不能放置較長的狀語。但在商務合同英語中，較長的狀語和never、often 等經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在主謂之間。另外一般文