【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 部分構(gòu)成。第三節(jié)通報(bào)一、通報(bào)的概念和分類：、批評(píng)錯(cuò)誤、傳達(dá)重要精神和告知重要情況的公文。通報(bào)同其他黨政機(jī)關(guān)公文相比，宣傳教育意義很強(qiáng)。，有以下三種：（1）表彰性通報(bào)；（2）批評(píng)性通報(bào)；（3）情況通報(bào)。二、通報(bào)的格式和寫法： ：： ：表彰性通報(bào)的正文：正文結(jié)構(gòu)模式是——敘述先進(jìn)事跡（緣由）（詳寫）+表彰決定（事項(xiàng)），希望要求（結(jié)尾）。三、通報(bào)的寫作要求：；；。第五章學(xué)術(shù)論文和申論 第一節(jié)學(xué)術(shù)論文一、學(xué)術(shù)論文的概念：（選擇）學(xué)術(shù)論文，是某一學(xué)術(shù)課題在實(shí)驗(yàn)性、理論性和觀察性上具有新的科學(xué)研究成果或創(chuàng)新見解和知識(shí)的科學(xué)記錄；或是某種已知原理應(yīng)用于實(shí)際中所獲得新進(jìn)展的科學(xué)總結(jié)，用以提供學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議上宣讀、交流或討論；或在學(xué)術(shù)刊物上發(fā)表；或作其他用途的書面文件。二、學(xué)術(shù)論文的分類： ：（1）自然科學(xué)論文；（2）社會(huì)科學(xué)論文?！锶?、學(xué)術(shù)論文的特點(diǎn)： ：：：是學(xué)術(shù)論文價(jià)值的根本所在，是衡量學(xué)術(shù)水平高低的重要標(biāo)志。：四、學(xué)術(shù)論文的寫作過程： ：（1）選題的原則：（選擇）①價(jià)值性原則：即選擇有價(jià)值的課題。研究課題的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值主要表現(xiàn)在實(shí)用價(jià)值和理論價(jià)值量方面。②創(chuàng)新性原則：即選擇有新意的課題。所謂有新意的課題，是指所選課題的角度新、觀點(diǎn)新、方法新。③可行性原則：是指根據(jù)主客觀條件選擇難易程度適中的課題。（2）選題的具體方法：（選擇）①從實(shí)踐中找問題；②從定論中看“疏漏”；③從爭(zhēng)鳴中求發(fā)展；④從“通悅”中查謬誤；⑤從現(xiàn)象中發(fā)現(xiàn)新領(lǐng)域和新問題。：（2）搜集資料的方法：①觀察、實(shí)驗(yàn)和社會(huì)調(diào)查：這些都是取得第一手資料的重要途徑。②文獻(xiàn)檢索：文獻(xiàn)檢索是廣泛收集第二手資料的途徑。Ⅰ、（理解）根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)加工程度不同，可將文獻(xiàn)分為四類——零次文獻(xiàn)、一次文獻(xiàn)、二次文獻(xiàn)、三次文獻(xiàn)。零次文獻(xiàn)，是指未曾公開于社會(huì)、僅在交談和會(huì)議交流中傳播、只為個(gè)人或某一團(tuán)體所用的、尚未發(fā)表和出版的文獻(xiàn)。如私人筆記、文章草稿、會(huì)議記錄。一次文獻(xiàn)，是指作者根據(jù)自己的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)和研究成果所撰寫的、發(fā)表自己的認(rèn)識(shí)和觀點(diǎn)的著作和文章。如專著、教材、論文、研究報(bào)告。二次文獻(xiàn)，是指按照一定規(guī)范，對(duì)一次文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行分類、梳理、加工提煉而使之依照一定系統(tǒng)或方式，組織起來所形成的文獻(xiàn)。如書目、簡(jiǎn)介、文摘、綜述。三次文獻(xiàn)，是指以一次文獻(xiàn)和二次文獻(xiàn)為基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)原始文獻(xiàn)資料進(jìn)行廣泛、深入分析研究后，綜合、濃縮、加工而成的文獻(xiàn)。如專題評(píng)述、專業(yè)年鑒、動(dòng)態(tài)研究。Ⅱ、文獻(xiàn)檢索的方法：：是文獻(xiàn)檢索中使用最普遍、最基本的方法。目前最常用的檢索工具有書目、索引、文摘、辭書。： ：作文小作文一、倡議書格式：倡議書為XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX,XXX向XXX提出倡議：一、內(nèi)容概括：XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。二、內(nèi)容概括：XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。三、內(nèi)容概括：XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。XXXXXXX年XX月XX日二、通報(bào)格式：XXX關(guān)于表彰XXX的通報(bào)X發(fā)〔2015〕X號(hào)XXX各科室、各直屬單位：事跡XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫詳寫XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。評(píng)價(jià)XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX略寫。為此，XXX決定給予XXX通報(bào)表揚(yáng)，以資鼓勵(lì)。希望全體干部和職工XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX不要有感情XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。XXXXXXX年XX月XX日大作文一、調(diào)查報(bào)告：關(guān)于XXX的調(diào)查報(bào)告前言（調(diào)查的基本情況，包括調(diào)查的目的、XXXXXXXX對(duì)象、XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 范圍、XXXXXXXXXXX內(nèi)容、XXXXXXXXX時(shí)間、XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX地點(diǎn)、XXXXX方式、背景等XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。一、現(xiàn)象——提出問題（是什么）（一）XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。（二）XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。（三）XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。二、原因——分析問題（為什么）（一）XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。（二）XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。（三）XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。三、措施——解決問題（怎么辦）（一）XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。（二）XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。（三）XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX。XXXXXXX年XX月XX日第三篇：大學(xué)英語應(yīng)用文寫作大學(xué)英語應(yīng)用文寫作范文，李明是你的好友，他對(duì)布朗先生的公司感興趣，打算到該公司謀職（apply for a position）。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面李明的簡(jiǎn)歷表，用英語為他寫一封推薦信。詞數(shù)110左右。姓名 李明 性別 男 國籍 中國出生地 重慶 婚否 已婚 出生日期 通訊地址 重慶市人民路148號(hào) 電話 02363335550 職業(yè) 律師 學(xué)歷 大學(xué)畢業(yè)外語水平擅長英語，懂一些日語、德語其他 有三年工作經(jīng)歷，辦事認(rèn)真，待人誠懇，與人和睦相處Dear , I’d like to introduce my friend to you, Ming, who is going to apply for a position in your graduated from college three years ago and has worked as a lawyerever is good at English and knows some Japanese and works hard and is careful in everything he is honest, kind and easy to get on was born on August 21st, 1980 in Chongqing, is married and lives at No 148 Renmin Road, Chongqing telephone number is shows great interest in your he is accepted, he will do his ’m sure he will be fit for the ’m looking forward to your early , Wang Lin ，你從電臺(tái)天氣預(yù)報(bào)節(jié)目得知了今晚和明天上午你處的天氣情況，晚飯后6點(diǎn)鐘在校廣播室用英語向全體師生作天氣預(yù)報(bào)，并提出忠告。要點(diǎn)如下：①午夜至凌晨?jī)牲c(diǎn)有強(qiáng)勁北風(fēng)。②氣溫將下降58度。③明天上午有陣雨。④要求同學(xué)們今晚離開教室時(shí)關(guān)好門窗。⑤明天早上起床時(shí)多穿些衣服，以防感冒。詞數(shù)100在右。Attention, is six o39。clock in the 39。m now giving the weather forecast as midnight to 2:00 tomorrow morning there will be strong north wind blowing across our town and the temperature will drop by 58℃.Also there will be showers tomorrow be sure to close all the windows when you leave your classroom tonight and when you get up tomorrow morning, please put on more clothes in order to keep yourself from catching 39。s ，你將在開學(xué)典禮上向一年級(jí)的新生致辭。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下面的提示寫一篇演講稿就大學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)生活提出幾點(diǎn)要求，并適當(dāng)闡述其重要性。①．合理安排學(xué)習(xí)和生活 ②．同學(xué)之間關(guān)系融洽 ③．積極參加校園社團(tuán)活動(dòng)。參考詞匯：大學(xué)一年級(jí)新生 freshman society ：1)．演講稿必須包括所有提示要點(diǎn)，但不要逐條譯成英語。2)．演講稿的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入詞數(shù)。3)．詞數(shù)：100—120 Good morning, to Zhejiang University!As a freshman, you are going to have a pletely new here is something you should keep in , arrange your time ’d better make a timetable so that you will know what to do and how to do it and take advantage of every will make your work more in the university, sometimes you will face some problems that you can’t deal with all help from others will make things easy for get along well with all the people around be openminded and ’t speak ill of others at should always bear in mind that we are in a big last, take an active part in at school are your second will not only provide you more chances to make friends and challenge yourself, but make your school life rich and colorful as your university life!，名叫李華。你覺得該市出租車行業(yè)問題較多，請(qǐng)寫一封信給該市市長，內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括：?jiǎn)栴}(1)?？奎c(diǎn)太少，不易打的。(2)欺詐外地乘客。(3)車速過快，事故頻頻。(4)仍有拒載者。(5)深夜聚集在娛樂場(chǎng)所外等客時(shí)制造噪音，影響他人休息。建議 要求加強(qiáng)管理注意：。文章開頭已給出。：繞道：take a roundabout route 不替別人著想的：inconsiderate(adj.)行業(yè)：trade 加強(qiáng)管理：tighten control over? Dear Mayor, I’m a resident of the feel there are many problems existing in the trade of taxi in our of all, there are still not enough stops in the streets so it’s not easy to take a taxis often run very fast, which causes many traffic ’s more, some taxi drivers still refuse to pick up some passengers without any terrible thing which often happens is that deep at night taxis waiting around the entertainment places make much people suffer from this inconsiderate friend of mine living in another city once visited me, and she told me our city’s taxi drivers cheated her by taking a roundabout will a guest think of our city after such a bad experience? I think we must take actions to tighten control over the taxi the first thing to do is raise the taxi drivers’ professional are looking forward to your yours, Li Hua ，急需在學(xué)校內(nèi)聘一位同學(xué)任英文版的編輯，請(qǐng)你用英文以“An English Editor Wanted”為題目寫一則招聘啟事。內(nèi)容要如下：⑴．該工作主要包括兩部分：一是從英文報(bào)刊雜志及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上選擇適合學(xué)生的文章；二是選擇與編輯同學(xué)們的來稿。⑵．希望該同學(xué)滿足下列要求：① 樂意奉獻(xiàn)出一些業(yè)余時(shí)間為同學(xué)們服務(wù)； ② 英文與美術(shù)皆好；能熟練使用電腦。③ 感興趣的同學(xué)請(qǐng)?jiān)诒局軆?nèi)與學(xué)生會(huì)（Students’ Union）聯(lián)系。注意：（1）詞數(shù)100左右；（2）不要逐字翻譯，要組成一篇通順連貫的短文。An English Editor Wanted Our school newspaper is looking for an editor for its English edition．The job mainly includes two parts: One is to choose proper English articles from other n