【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 2 x 2 cos x 4 + ^2/x 2 sin x 4 x 3 / x 1 +x 2 cos x 4 x 3 / 2 / 3 / 4 / x 2 *sin x 4 x 3 ^2+9x 4 cos x 4 + ^2x 1 ^2/x 1 +x 3 x 2 /x 4 ]。 ceq []。 x0 [,]。 options optimset 39。largescale39。,39。off39。 。 [x,fval] fmincon 39。objfun39。,x0,[],[],[],[],[],[],39。confun39。,options 輸出最優(yōu)點和目標函數(shù)值： x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 與原設(shè)計方案 x , 下目標函數(shù)進行比較 ,在整個抓取過程中 ,優(yōu)化方案單位閉合繩拉力產(chǎn)生的抓取力比原方案提高 25%～ 31%。 總 結(jié) 經(jīng)過三個多月設(shè)計，對起重機抓斗有了比較整體的認識，了解起重機抓斗和起升機構(gòu)的基本組成和各部分的功用、原理。 本次設(shè)計的任務(wù)主要是對起重機起升機構(gòu)設(shè)計及對抓斗的優(yōu)化。 設(shè)計先對抓斗進行系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計計 算，然后根據(jù)抓斗計算出的參數(shù)和給定的參數(shù)再對起重機的起升機構(gòu)進行設(shè)計，參考相關(guān)書籍，選擇一個合理的布置方案。通過計算選用機構(gòu)中所需的標準部件（如電動機、制動器、減速器、聯(lián)軸器、鋼絲繩等），對非標準零件還須作進一步的強度與風(fēng)度計算校核。 對抓斗的優(yōu)化主要是通過 MATLAB 語言，將前面已經(jīng)設(shè)計好的抓斗參數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為線性方程，這個過程和其它調(diào)式程序一樣，主要包括這樣幾個步驟：編輯 .編譯 .連接 .以及執(zhí)行和調(diào)試。利用 MATLAB 軟件可以求解線性規(guī)劃、無約束規(guī)劃、二次規(guī)劃和有約束非線性規(guī)劃等優(yōu)化設(shè)計問題 .該軟件編程工作量小 ,初始參數(shù)輸入簡單 ,符合工程設(shè)計語言 ,有著很大的優(yōu)越性 .通過給出的優(yōu)化實例可以看出 ,應(yīng)用該軟件求解機械優(yōu)化設(shè)計問題非常方便 ]. 北京：中國鐵道出版社 . 1998 [2] 東北大學(xué)《機械零件設(shè)計手冊》編寫組 . 機械零件設(shè)計手冊 [M]. 北京：冶金工業(yè)出版社 . 1994 [3] 尹位中、王若梅、方中 .實用起重手冊 [M].北京 :水利電力出版社 .1989 [4] 倪慶興、王殿臣 .起重輸送機械圖冊 [M].北京 :機械工業(yè)出版社 .1991 [5] 顧迪民 . 工程起重機 [M]. 北京：中國建筑工業(yè)出版社 . 1988 [6] 唐照明 .計算機輔助設(shè)計 [M].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社 .1993 [7] 陳立文等 .機械優(yōu)化設(shè)計 [M].上海：上海科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社 .1982 [8] 濮良貴、紀名剛 .機械設(shè)計 [M].北京 :高等教育出版社 .2021 [9] 單祖輝 . 材料力學(xué) [M]. 北京：高等教育出版社 . 2021 [10] 洪家娣、李明、黃興元 ,機械設(shè)計指導(dǎo) [M].南昌：江西高等學(xué)校出版社 . [11] 牛聰民 .抓斗合理設(shè)計方法的討論 [J].北京：人民交通出版社 . 致 謝 首先感謝我的指導(dǎo) 老師程賢福老師，感謝他給我無限的幫助和關(guān)心。感謝學(xué)校給我提供良好的設(shè)計環(huán)境，讓我有一個安靜的設(shè)計教室，給我一個可以隨時查閱資料的圖書館，感謝其它給過我?guī)椭睦蠋熀屯瑢W(xué)。他們認真細心的改正我們設(shè)計上犯的錯誤，身行言教的告訴我們在科學(xué)上要保持嚴謹、認真的良好作風(fēng)，并為我在設(shè)計中出現(xiàn)的問題提供了很好的建議。在我們遇到困難時，兩位指導(dǎo)老師會幫助我們克服困難，戰(zhàn)勝困難?？傊?，在即將畢業(yè)之際，謹在此對指導(dǎo)老師致以最誠摯的謝意。 還要感謝同組的其同學(xué)，大家相互幫助，共同努力，克服了一個又一個的困難，最終完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計。特別 要感謝與我同做同學(xué)。在此我還要感謝我的家庭對我的支持，使我順利的完學(xué)業(yè)。 :外文資料―原文部分 Evaluating bridge and gantry cranes Abstract Document Summary Properly sized, designed, and installed bridge and gantry cranes dramatically increase production, significantly reduce material handling costs, and substantially lower the risk of employee injury. A properly maintained crane lasts at least 20 years, could reach 50 years or more, and occasionally outlives the structure or pany originally housing or using the equipment. Bridge cranes are available in top running and underhung configurations, and single or double girder, to match plant structural and lifting requirements. Gantry cranes are constructed in single or double leg, single or double girder, and top running or underhung versions. Bridge cranes are usually used for high tonnages, long spans, and heavy duties. Gantry cranes are often a practical alternative to bridge cranes, and are capable of serving many of the same lifting, traveling, and duty classifications. Gantries are suitable if the plant structure cannot handle the bridge loading Full Text? Relates to build up to the assembly pulley that suspends the ministry on coop peak consists of admittedly stably that the master who suspends the ministry on coop peak being living advances idle wheel and two assisting direction idles wheel 。 The wire rope on the hoister coil near the direction idle wheel on the hoister side loadbearing beam successively 、 Suspend coop peak ministry the assisting direction idle wheel 、 Master advances the idle wheel 、 Another side assisting direction idle wheel ， Admittedly afterwards being living stably on another loadbearing beam ， Constituteing suspends the coop to advance the system 。 Suspending on the coop horn separately fixs berthhing the unit ，That unit stirs a string Gou in the interest of automate either hand ，When suspending the coop to berth ， Turns that unit causes it string to headframe master vertical column and fiercely fastens on the staff ，Geing up to ascend the wire rope does not accept force 。 Once the wire rope snaps ， The automatic pellet of that unit is turned on buckleing at the primary vertical column and fiercely fastens on the staff ， Avert suspending the coop to drop 。 Control cabin leans on a part of the body side to fix four idles wheel ， Cause to dominate the cabin may go up and down along the guide in shelf part of the body outside ， Convenient operator is living , and the hoister to surface of the earth of upper air is dominateeed 。 Copyright Cahners Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier, Inc. Apr 2021 Properly sized, designed, and installed bridge and gantry cranes dramatically increase production, significantly reduce material handling costs, and substantially lower the risk of employee injury. A properly maintained crane lasts at least 20 yr. could reach 50 yr or more, and occasionally outlives the structure or pany originally housing or using the equipment. These overhead workhorses maneuver large, bulky loads through the plant for shipping and receiving, relocating and staging, or integrating with heavyduty manufacturing operations. Computers and other control packages near the equipment or at a remote location allow the crane to closely match almost any size and type of load, where and when needed, and under all operational and environmental conditions. Hoisting speeds over 200 fpm, bridge speeds to 1000 fpm, and capacities over 1000 tons are available, although slower movements and smaller loads are the norm. Cranes are 1530ft overhead, but could be up to 200 ft to clear floormounted equipment, to place material where needed in the manufacturing operation, or for safety reasons. A variety of mechanisms, such as hooks, mags, or buckets, are available on the hoist to match particular grabbing or lifting requirements. Types Bridge cranes are available in top running and underhung configurations, and single or double girder, to match plant structural and lifting requirements. Gantry cranes are constructed in single or double leg, single or double girder, and top running or underhung versions. Bridge cranes are usually used for high tonnages, long s