【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 astic沉降 settlement 彎矩 moment扭矩 torque剪力 shear正應(yīng)力 normal stress路面 pavement鋼筋混凝土 reinforced concrete抗拉強(qiáng)度 tensile strength抗壓強(qiáng)度 pressive strength 土木工程 civil engineering巖體力學(xué) rock mass mechanics粒徑 grain diameter 容許應(yīng)力 allowable stress土力學(xué) soil mechanics斜拉橋 cable stayed bridge 懸索橋 suspension bridge中性面 neutral plane水灰比 watercement ratio 民用建筑 civil architecture地質(zhì)成因 geologic origin臨界截面 choking section巖土工程 geotechnical engineering屈服點(diǎn) yield point橫截面(transverse)cross section 安全系數(shù) safety factor抗剪強(qiáng)度 shear strength反復(fù)試驗(yàn) trial and error預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土 priestessed concrete先張法 pretensioning concrete 后張法 posttensioning concrete 土質(zhì)勘測(cè) soil investiagation在這兩種應(yīng)力中，前者是壓應(yīng)力，后者是拉應(yīng)力。These two kinds of stress, the former is a pressive stress, which is the tensile 。In many cases, civilengineers may be assigned to engaged in the work of other 、力學(xué)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)在土木工程應(yīng)用中的重要性。It should be stressed that mathematics, mechanics and puter applications in civil engineering is ，混凝土的主要缺點(diǎn)是抗拉強(qiáng)度很低。Basicmaterials are steel and concrete bridge construction, the main disadvantage is the low tensile strength of 、骨料、水及混合料中所含的各種添加劑的用量所控制。它們主要用于大型水壩，在大壩中它們能減少水泥硬化時(shí)釋放出的熱量。They are mainly used for large dams。dams in the heat they can reduce cement hardening are mainly used for large dams, the dam in which they can reduce hardening of the cement when the heat hydraulics水泥 cement桁架 truss 瀝青 bitumen混凝土 concrete強(qiáng)度 strength 非線性 nonlinear樁 pile剛性 rigid隧道 tunnel礫石 gravel柱子 column力 force位移 displacement線性的 linear砂漿 mortar彈性 elastic塑性 plastic沉降 settlement 彎矩 moment扭矩 torque剪力 shear正應(yīng)力 normal stress路面 pavement鋼筋混凝土 reinforced concrete抗拉強(qiáng)度 tensile strength抗壓強(qiáng)度 pressive strength 土木工程 civil engineering巖體力學(xué) rock mass mechanics粒徑 grain diameter 容許應(yīng)力 allowable stress土力學(xué) soil mechanics斜拉橋 cable stayed bridge 懸索橋 suspension bridge中性面 neutral plane水灰比 watercement ratio 民用建筑 civil architecture地質(zhì)成因 geologic origin臨界截面 choking section巖土工程 geotechnical engineering屈服點(diǎn) yield point橫截面(transverse)cross section 安全系數(shù) safety factor抗剪強(qiáng)度 shear strength反復(fù)試驗(yàn) trial and error預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土 priestessed concrete先張法 pretensioning concrete 后張法 posttensioning concrete 土質(zhì)勘測(cè) soil investiagation在這兩種應(yīng)力中，前者是壓應(yīng)力，后者是拉應(yīng)力。These two kinds of stress, the former is a pressive stress, which is the tensile 。In many cases, civilengineers may be assigned to engaged in the work of other 、力學(xué)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)在土木工程應(yīng)用中的重要性。It should be stressed that mathematics, mechanics and puter applications in civil engineering is ，混凝土的主要缺點(diǎn)是抗拉強(qiáng)度很低。Basicmaterials are steel and concrete bridge construction, the main disadvantage is the low tensile strength of 、骨料、水及混合料中所含的各種添加劑的用量所控制。它們主要用于大型水壩，在大壩中它們能減少水泥硬化時(shí)釋放出的熱量。They are mainly used for large dams。dams in the heat they can reduce cement hardening are mainly used for large dams, the dam in which they can reduce hardening of the cement when the heat hydraulics水泥 cement桁架 truss 瀝青 bitumen混凝土 concrete強(qiáng)度 strength 非線性 nonlinear樁 pile剛性 rigid隧道 tunnel礫石 gravel柱子 column力 force位移 displacement線性的 linear砂漿 mortar彈性 elastic塑性 plastic沉降 settlement 彎矩 moment扭矩 torque剪力 shear正應(yīng)力 normal stress路面 pavement鋼筋混凝土 reinforced concrete抗拉強(qiáng)度 tensile strength抗壓強(qiáng)度 pressive strength 土木工程 civil engineering巖體力學(xué) rock mass mechanics粒徑 grain diameter 容許應(yīng)力 allowable stress土力學(xué) soil mechanics斜拉橋 cable stayed bridge 懸索橋 suspension bridge中性面 neutral plane水灰比 watercement ratio 民用建筑 civil architecture地質(zhì)成因 geologic origin臨界截面 choking section巖土工程 geotechnical engineering屈服點(diǎn) yield point橫截面(transverse)cross section 安全系數(shù) safety factor抗剪強(qiáng)度 shear strength反復(fù)試驗(yàn) trial and error預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土 priestessed concrete先張法 pretensioning concrete 后張法 posttensioning concrete 土質(zhì)勘測(cè) soil investiagation在這兩種應(yīng)力中，前者是壓應(yīng)力，后者是拉應(yīng)力。These two kinds of stress, the former is a pressive stress, which is the tensile 。In many cases, civilengineers may be assigned to engaged in the work of other 、力學(xué)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)在土木工程應(yīng)用中的重要性。It should be stressed that mathematics, mechanics and puter applications in civil engineering is ，混凝土的主要缺點(diǎn)是抗拉強(qiáng)度很低。Basicmaterials are steel and concrete bridge construction, the main disadvantage is the low tensile strength of 、骨料、水及混合料中所含的各種添加劑的用量所控制。它們主要用于大型水壩，在大壩中它們能減少水泥硬化時(shí)釋放出的熱量。They are mainly used for large dams。dams in the heat they can reduce cement hardening are mainly used for large dams, the dam in which they can reduce hardening of the cement when the heat release.第三篇：土木工程專業(yè)英語講稿Lesson_8 Bridge Design and ConstructionLesson 8 Bridge Design and Construction橋梁設(shè)計(jì)和施工Planning 規(guī)劃The first step leading to the construction of a modern major bridge is a prehensive study to determine whether a bridge is 。If it is to be a highway bridge, in the United States for example, a planning study is initiated by a state bridge authority, possibly in cooperation with local governments or the federal ，如果要建一座公路橋梁，州橋梁專家發(fā)起規(guī)劃研究，且需要與當(dāng)?shù)卣蚵?lián)邦政府合作。Studies are made to estimate the amount of bridge traffic, the relief of jammed traffic in nearby highway networks, the effects on the regional economy, and the cost of the ，能否緩解附近公路網(wǎng)交通擁堵情況，對(duì)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響以及橋的造價(jià)。The means for financing the project, such as public taxes or sale of revenue bonds repaid by toll charges, are ，如公共稅收，或通過收取過路過橋費(fèi)償還借貸的國(guó)債。If the studies lead to a decision to go ahead with the project, the land needed for the bridge and its approaches is acquired at the selected this point, field engineering work is ，那么就需要征用選址處的建橋用地和建設(shè)通向橋址的道路占地。此后，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工作便開始了。Accurate land surveys are , flood conditions, currents, and other characteristics of the waterway are carefully samples of soil and rock are taken at possible foundation locations, both on land and under the 。潮汐、洪水