【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 了聽力測試中常用的，并且在意義上容易弄錯的一些短語、習(xí)語和慣用法等。供考生學(xué)習(xí)參考：absence of mind 心不在焉；發(fā)呆 apply one39。s mind to 專心于(某事)as good as gold(小孩)很乖 as right as rain 非常健康、很好的 at sb39。s back 支持某人at the top of the ladder/tree 名列前茅 babe in the woods 天真而缺憲法經(jīng)驗的人 bear watching 有希望；有前途beat aroundabout the bush 旁敲側(cè)擊；轉(zhuǎn)彎抹角 back out 食言；變卦back up sb./；援助(某人)beyone(all)question 毫無疑問：無可爭辨bird in the bush 未到手的東西；未定局的事情 bird in the hand 已到手的東西；已定局的事情 blow hot and cold 搖擺不定；反復(fù)無常booked up 沒空；有約會；(戲票等)已被預(yù)訂一空 burn the midnight oil 開夜車；工作到深夜bury/hide/have/put oneself 不愿接受或正視現(xiàn)實；采取鴕鳥政策 cannot help doing (做某事)check in 登記；報到 check out 付帳后離開check off/over/out ；復(fù)核close/shut one39。s eye to 無視；對?置之不理 call it a day 今天就這樣算了；就干這里為止 e up with 趕上；提出e off with flying colours 凱旋；太功告成 e about 發(fā)生e to 總計；蘇醒；復(fù)原count for little/nothing 無足輕重；微不足道 count for much 非常重要；關(guān)系重大 count on/upon 依靠，指望do favour 幫(某人)一個忙do sb.39。s heart good 上某人當(dāng)；受某人欺騙 do the business 起作用；奏效；可以滿足要求 do sth up brown 把(某事)徹底做好 a dog39。s age 很久，長久down on one39。s luck 倒霉；不走運 draw(a)blank 失?。宦淇誨raw the/a line 拒絕做某事；對某事有節(jié)制 draw one39。s time(被迫地)辭去工作 dying for 渴望，非常想 dying of ??得要死eat one39。s heart out 憂傷過度have other fish to fry 另外有事要做，別有要事 have the game in one39。s hand 穩(wěn)操勝券keep/have/one39。s feet on the ground 講究實際 keep one39。s nose clean 安分守已lay sb39。s door 把(責(zé)任等)推給(某人)lead dance 給(某人)帶來不少麻煩 leave that to let the cat out of the bag 泄露秘密 lose one39。s heart to 愛上了；非常喜歡make a point of doing ；決心做某事 make believe 裝作；假裝 man of his word 守信用的人 man of iron 意志堅強的人man of the world 深通世敵的人，閱歷豐富的人 miss the boat/bus 錯過機會；坐失良機 move heaven and earth 竭盡全力；全力以赴 nine times out of ten 十有八九；通常；多半 not in the same street with 無法與?相比 not know Adam 不認識某人off the top of one39。s head 不加思索地；不清楚 on the top of the world 對一切都滿意 out of the question 不能考慮的，完全不可能的 out of the swim 不了解情況，不熟悉內(nèi)情 out of tune(with?)(與?)不一致，不協(xié)調(diào) out of lunch 注意力不集中；心不在焉 pay lipservice to 只說不做；唱高調(diào)eat one39。s words 收回前言；認錯道歉(不是“食言”)face the lousic 毅然面對困難；勇于承擔(dān)后果 fall behind 落后；跟不上fall on one39。s face 徹底失??；慘敗 fall over each other 爭先恐后far be it from me 我決不認為；我決不想要 fill in/fill out/fill up 把(表格等)填好 fish in troubled waters 混水摸魚；趁火打動 for the time being 暫時；眼下get along 設(shè)法生活下去；相處；進展；離開；上(年紀)get into hot water 陷入困境get off the ground 開始很順利；取得時展 give (某人)give miss 避開(某物)；略去(某物)give/ lend an ear to 傾聽；注意give green light 允許(某人)做某事 go to bed with the chickens 很早就寢good, bad and indifferent 好的、壞的和一般的 hand it to ；承認某人的長處 hand in the air 未決定；懸擱著hardly/scarcely?when? ?剛?就；一?就 have an eye for 對?有眼力；對?有識別力 have/get cold feet 害怕起琿；膽怯起來have one39。s heart in the right place 好心好意 too clever by half(諷刺用)過分聰明cannot see the wood for the trees 見樹不見林 under lock and key 妥善保管 up the pole 處于困境；進退兩難 up the wall 十分煩燥；非常惱火 wash one39。s handds 不管；不過問wet behind the ears 乳臭未干的；不成熟的 what39。s what 具體情況；直相 while away 混時間；浪費時間with open arms 熱烈地、親切地(表示歡迎)write home about 大書特書penny wise and pound foolish 小處精明，大處糊涂(浪費)play one39。t best card 使出絕招 polish the apple 逢迎；拍馬 pocket one39。t dignity 放下架子 pull out all the stops 全力以赴；千主百計put all one39。s eggs in one basket 孤注一擲；寄希望于某人(某事)put one39。s back into (某事)put one39。s foot in one39。s mouth 說錯話；做錯事put one39。s hand in one39。s pocket 準備花錢；準備解囊捐款 put his honour 信任某人ring a bell 使想起(某事)；聽起來覺得耳熟 sleep like a log/top 睡得很熟；酣睡 song and dance 枯燥元味的廢話sweep the carpet 隱瞞某事不讓別人知道 take a shortcut 走捷徑 take French leave 不告而別take his words with a grain of salt 不全信某人的話 think on one39。s feet 思想敏捷；反應(yīng)快throw away/out the baby with the bathwater 棄沙拋金 throw cold water on 對?潑冷水；不贊成 throw up one39。s hand 放棄努力；認輸turn/give the cold shoulder on/to ；冷淡某人************************************* 顯示對話發(fā)生地點、人物關(guān)系的信號詞 *************************************Airport:arrival/departure time, booking office, ticket agent, take off, board, land, flight, airways, airlines, flight number, by air Library:borrow, lend, latest issue, card, catalogue, call number, due, over due,fine, novel, renew, fiction, magazine, bookshelf Hotel:teception, receptionist, vacant beds, single room, double room, book a room, bath, lavatory, occupy a room, full, front desk, porter, tip, room key, roomnumber, suit Meeting:for, against, proposal, report, speech, suggest, disagree, agree, decide, point out, argue, chairman, conclusion Post office:mail, post, postage, stamp, parcel, telegram, urgent cable, airmail,registered letter, money order, ordinary mail, oversea mail Restaurant: reservation, bar, order, soft drink, dessert, salad, soup, menu, bread, potato, tomato, toast beef, meat, mutton, chicken, fry, pic, cake, I39。m full,bill, waiter, waitress, go Dutch Store:size, color, style, price, cost, cheap, What can I do for you? How much does it cost? Fashion, expensive, counter, department, check out, brand, fresh, cash, pay, shop girl, assistant, counter, fashion School:department, Bachelor39。s degree, Master39。s degree, Doctor39。s degree, campus, lecture, dormitory, semester, term, playground, dininghall, swimming pool, course, foreign language, gym, midterm exam, final exam, clinic, professor, assistant, lecturer, lab, test, required courses, elective courses, creditBank:draw on one39。s account, pay interest on..., open account, interest rate, fixed deposit, current account, bank clerk Barber39。s: haircut, hairstyle, hairdresser, shave, moustache, beard, spray, shampoo The Customs House:pay duty on..., duty free, free of charge, fill in the formDance:disco, dance with, have a ball, party, May I have the pleasure of next dance? Hospital:pain, cough, fever, vomit, headache, stomachache, temperature, heart, lung, bloodpressure, take medicine, pills, tablets, insomnia, indigestion, physician, surgeon, wards, operating room, pharmacy *********************三、基本的聽力技能*********************在理解有聲語言的過程中，學(xué)生除了依靠所掌握的語言知識和文化背景知識之外，還必須求助于必要的聽力技能，例如要善于捕捉重要信息、進行正確推理、通過綜合歸納抓住講話的中心思想等。在聽力測試放音之前，考生實際上就應(yīng)該開始進入做題狀態(tài)。這時考生應(yīng)該利用題目來播放之前及題目與題目之間的有限空隙時間，以試卷上所給的選項和文字為基礎(chǔ)，在聽的過程中對可題提出的問題或可能出的信息做出預(yù)測性判斷。這樣有助于大腦快速綜合組織起有意識的思維，做到有的放矢。參見：如何運用預(yù)測技巧 這是聽力理解的首要任務(wù)，遺漏了重要信息就不可能聽清講話的基本含義。要辯認重要信息又必須聚精會神聽清每一句話的主要意思，同時要邊聽邊思考，切忌主次不分，顧此失