【文章內容簡介】 ides enough amount Of money． Whomever I worry about is none of your business． Take whichever you like， please． 第二節(jié)形容詞與副詞 形容詞和副詞在語法結構上都有比較級和最高級，它們的構成方法基本上一樣，都與音節(jié)多少有關，有些形容詞和副詞有特殊的比較級和最高級形式。二者 基本分為同級比較、比較級和最高級三種形式。 1．形容詞與副詞的用法 形容詞中有詞形相近的，也有詞義相近的，應注意區(qū)別。如： 1)behind(在后的 )hind(后部的 )， considerate(周到的，體貼的 )considerable(應考慮的 )，eminent(聞名的 )imminent(緊迫的 )， gracious(親切的 )graceful(優(yōu)雅的 )， like(有生命的 )alive(活的 )， industrious(勤勞的 )industrial(工業(yè)的 )， like(同樣的 )alike(同樣的，僅作表語 )， opposite(相對的 )opposing(反對的 )， perspective(透視的 )respective(各自的 )，sensitive(傷感的 )sensible(明顯的 )， etc。例如： We did enjoy your staying in Beijing， and is really considerate． Professor Li has many worldfamous inventions， and he is respectable to us． As any one knows that we use our front teeth for biting and our hind teeth for chewing． It’s a considerable success for him． 2)elemental(初步的 )fundamental(基本的 )， eligible(合格的 )capable(能干的 )， flexible(靈活的 )changeable(可改變的 )， initial(最初的 )preliminary(初步的，預備的 )， slack(松弛的 )lazy(懶惰的 )， valueless(無價值的 )priceless(無價的 )， vivid(生動的 )一 living(活的 )， etc．。例如： Henry’s speech was so vivid that his audience applauded againand again ， It is easier to adapt to new situations if one has a flexible attitude． We have finished the preliminary exam． Your suggestion is priceless， and 1 will consider carefully． 3)有些詞尾為 ly的并非副詞，而是形容詞，如： lovdy， likdy， deadly， earthly(現(xiàn)世的 )， leisurdy(空閑的 )， weekly， yearly， manly(丈夫氣概的 )， brotherly， friendly 等。例如： What a lovely girl Jenny is． She is always ready to help others． China Daily is of course a daily newspaper but not a weekly one． He is a very friendly young man． As he didn39。t have anyexperience， he was likely to have problems． 以下情況形容詞常用于后置： 1)形容詞短語，即形容詞 +副詞，介詞短語或不定式。 2)一些表語性形容詞要后置，如： present， available， involved， concerned， etc,。 3)形容詞修飾不定代詞 something，anything， everything時要后置。例如： There was something nice about my feeling that she knew a11． For this reason， as well as the additional cost involved， flow force pensation is generally not desirable． I came across another question hard to answer then． I wondered if there was a room available． 副詞的位置為：修飾哪個詞就放在哪個詞前面；放在系動詞和助動詞之后，行為動詞和分詞之前。例如： I had only fivedollar bill with me when l boarded the townward train． The old law were instituted to protect the long neglected rights of can hardly believe that he is the murderer． Although he has advantages， it is still too early to say that he is sure to win． 2．比較級與最高級的基本形式和用法 形容詞的比較級和最高級的構成為：單音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾加 er和 est。如果以 e 結尾，僅加 r和 st；如末尾僅有一個輔音字母，須雙寫詞尾冉加 er 和 est；如果以 y結尾的，把 y變 i，加 er， est；多 音節(jié)單詞和雙音節(jié)詞 (其中包括由分詞和分詞演變而來的形容詞，如： known， worn， wounded， shocking，striking， interesting， ect, 則在其前加 more和 most；有些形容詞的比較級和最高級是不規(guī)則的，如：good(well)betterbest， bad(ill)worseworst， many(much)moremost， littlelessleast，farfarther(further)farthest(furthest)。有些形容詞沒 有比較級形 式，如： absolute， chief， entire，eternal， excellent， fatal， final， foremost， inevitable， infinite， main， naked， perfect， possible，primary， right， sufficient， supreme， universal， utter， vital， whole， wooden， etc，例如： Mary is the best student in the class． Further negotiation will be conducted next month． The food we have is to say， he is stronger than his opponent． 一般副詞的比較級和最高級與形容詞一樣，單音節(jié)的以在詞尾加 er 和 est構成，多音節(jié)的以加 more和 most的方法構成；有些比較特殊，如： well— betterbest， badlyworseworst， muchmoremost，littlelessleast。以 ly 結尾的副詞，在其前面加 more， most, 例如： Tonny runs most quickly than any other students in the class． Which do you like best， Thorn Birds， Gone With the Wind Or Great Expectation? I prefer less sugar in the milk． She gets more ine every month than her husband． 形容詞和副詞的原級比較由 “as+ 形容詞或 副詞 (或后跟名詞或短語 )+as” 構成， “as?as’’ 前可加not， just， almost， nearly， quite， twice， several times等詞修飾。否定式中 not 后面的 as可改為so。例如： Running for fifteen minutes will burn as many calories as walking for thirty minutes． Henan province is several times as large as Shanghai． Jimmy has as nervous a ways peaking as his father． Getting rid of a bad habit isn39。t so simple as taking it up． 形容詞和副詞的比較級形式為： “ 形容詞 (副詞 )比較級 +than+?” ，應注意 than前后相比較的人或物要一致。比較級前可以跟 even，much， still等副詞修飾比較級，表示強調。例如： Mother worried much more about my younger brother than she did about me． Sound travels faster through water than throughI air． The economic development in South China is faster than that in North China． My books are much more than Li Ping39。s． 形容詞和副詞的最高級的形式分別為： “the+ 形容詞最高級十名詞 +范圍表達 ” 和 “ 副詞最高級 +名詞 +范圍表達 ” ，副詞的比較級和最高級不需要加 the。例如： Our foreign exchange reserve didn39。t decline despite the worst flood in sixty years． I finisbed the work more successfully than he had expected． 應注意以下表達式的含義： the same?as(和 ??一樣 )， no less than(不少于 )， not less than(只有 )，had better(最好 )， less than(不到 )， more or less(或多或 少 )， other than(除了 )， rather than(而不是 )， the more?the more/less(越 ??就越 ??)例如： I am sure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed． You had better finisll your homework today for the teacher will collect it tomorrow． We have received ten dozen of personal puters which are less than the amount we ordered． The visltors to the exhibition were not less than three hundred， which disappointed them very much． 第三節(jié) 從句 從句分為定語從句，狀語從句和名詞從句三大類。定語從句又分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種 ，由關系代詞或關系副詞引導，修飾主句的某個成分。狀語從句分為時間、結果、讓步、原因、條件及行為方式狀語從句。名詞從句包括主語、賓語、表語和同位語從句及 there be句型。 1．定語從句 限定性定語從句中 that可代表人和事，而 which只代表事；二者在從句中作主語或賓語。 that作賓語時?？墒÷?， which則不能，而且其后的 “ 不及物動詞 +介詞 ’’ 中的介詞不能省略。 which作賓語時，先行詞與 which之間的介詞不能省。例如： The first doll that could say“mama”was in vented in 1830． The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part， during which he sailed round the Cape Horn． 代表 a11， anything， something， nothing， much等詞時，用 that而不用 which， that作賓語可省略。例如： I care anything that has something to do with it． You39。d better do something he prefers