【文章內(nèi)容簡介】
話。 The rich sometimes plain their empty life. 富人有時抱怨他們空虛的生活。 The police led the old man across the street. 警察領(lǐng)老人橫過馬路。 形容詞的排列順序 當(dāng)兩個以上形容詞修飾一個名詞,形容詞該如何排列? 為什么不能說a black new pen,而要說成a new black pen? 這里面有無規(guī)則可循? 如果你記住Opsha這個為幫助記憶而杜撰的詞,就能掌握英語中形容詞排列的順序。 Opsha中op代表opinion,指表示人們觀點的形容詞,如beautiful,horrible,lovely,nice等; sh代表shape,指表示形狀的形容詞,如long,short,round, narrow等; a代表age,指表示年齡、時代的形容詞,如old,new, young等; c代表colour,指表示顏色的形容詞,如red,black, orange等; o代表origin,指表示國籍、地區(qū)的形容詞,如British,Canadian,German等; m代表material,指表示材料的形容詞,如plastic,metal,aluminium等。 英語中這六類形容詞連用時就按上述先后順序排列,如a nice long new black British plastic pen當(dāng)然,實際語言使用中不可能出現(xiàn)這么多形容詞連用的情況。副詞(Adverbadv.) 定義:用以修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞的詞叫做副詞。例如: not(不),here(這里),now(現(xiàn)在),well(很好地),fast(快速地),happily(快樂地),carefully(小心地) 副詞的句子中主要的表達(dá)功能如下: (1)修飾動詞,例: We do not go to school on Sundays. ?。ㄐ瞧谔煳覀兌疾蝗ド蠈W(xué)。) Mary reads very well. ?。ì旣惱首x得很好。) My teacher always speaks slowly but clearly. (我的老師講話總是慢慢地,但是很清楚。) ?。?)修飾形容詞,例: She looks very happy today. ?。ń裉焖磥砗芸鞓贰#? ?。?)修飾副詞,例: Thank you very much. ?。ǚ浅5馗兄x你。)副詞比較級的構(gòu)成,est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。原級 比較級 最高級well better bestbadly worse worstmuch more mostlittle less leastfar farther farthest farthest furthestlate later latest(4) 副詞的最高級前面可以不加定冠詞the。(5) 常用句型有l(wèi)ike A better than B和like A(the)best of(in)…其余變化和形容詞類似。常見副詞用法(1) too, eitherToo 一般用于肯定句,常放在句末,否定句時用either。(2) ago,beforeago 以現(xiàn)在為起點,和動詞的過去時連用。before以過去某個時間為起點,常和過去完成時連用。當(dāng)before前沒有“一段時間”而單獨使用時,泛指“以前”,常和完成時連用。如:I have heard the man before。我以前聽說過那個人。兼有兩種形式的副詞 1) close與closely close意思是近; closely 意思是仔細(xì)地 He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely. 2) late 與lately late意思是晚; lately 意思是最近 You have e too late. What have you been doing lately? 3) deep與deeply deep意思是深,表示空間深度;deeply時常表示感情上的深度,深深地 He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film. 4) high與highly high表示空間高度;highly表示程度,相當(dāng)于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion. 5) wide與widely wide表示空間寬度;widely意思是廣泛地,在許多地方 He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world. 6) free與freely free的意思是免費;freely 的意思是無限制地 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely。 say what you like.代詞(Pronoun—pron.) 定義:用以代替名詞的詞叫做代詞。 代詞有代表人物的,有用來指人物的,有表示不定數(shù)的,有用以發(fā)問的,也有用來表達(dá)關(guān)系的。例如: 代表人物:I(我),you(你),she(她),he(他),it(它),… 指人物:this(這個),these(這些),that(那個),… 表不定數(shù):some(一些),other(其余),all(全體)… 發(fā)問:what(什么),which(哪一個),… 表示關(guān)系:who,which,that,… 代詞在句子中的功能與名詞的功能相同。 (1)作句子的主語,例: Helen is a student.She goes to school by bus every day. ?。ê愂菍W(xué)生。她每天乘公共汽車上學(xué)。) ?。?)作句子的主語補語,例: Who is there ?(誰在那兒?) It’s me ,Tom .(是我,湯姆。) ?。?)作及物動詞的直接賓語,例: I see her at school every day. ?。刻煳以趯W(xué)校都看到她。) (4)作介詞的賓語,例: Helen is my good friend.I go to school together with her every morning. ?。ê愂俏业暮门笥?。每天早晨我都和她一起上學(xué)去。)代詞種類及用法 (一)人稱代詞 主格 I you he she it we you they 賓格 me you him her it us you them 人稱代詞在并列使用時的順序為:“第二人稱,第三人稱,第一人稱”。 如:You, she and I all enjoy the music. ?。ǘ┪镏鞔~ 形容詞性 my your his her its our your their 名詞性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs ,相當(dāng)于一個形容詞,名詞性物主代詞在句中可作表語、主語和賓語,相當(dāng)于一個名詞。 ,是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。 如:⑴These books aren't ours. Ours are new. (這里ours=our books) ?、芓his is not our room. Ours is over there. (這里ours=our room) 3.of+名詞性物主代詞表示所屬 如:a sister of his 他的一個妹妹 a friend of mine 我的一個朋友 (三)反身代詞:myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 關(guān)于反身代詞,同學(xué)們須掌握其固定結(jié)構(gòu): enjoy oneself=have a good time (過得很愉快) by oneself=alone (單獨、獨自) help oneself to… (隨便吃/喝 些...) learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. (自學(xué)) 練習(xí)題 trousers are these? _____, I think. 2. Nobody taught___English. He taught____. , himself , himself , by himself , his ?。ㄋ模┎欢ù~: something, anything, nothing. 當(dāng)形容詞修飾這三個不定代詞時,常后置。 如:something new There39。s ____ in today39。s newspaper. (中考題) anything something important important ?。ㄎ澹┝硗猓~some, every, all, both, either, another ?。ㄒ恍?,某) 一般用于肯定句中 注:some有時也可用于表示請求的疑問句中。 any(任何) 多用于疑問句和否定句 ① Will you give me some water? ?、?Would you like some meat? ③ May I ask some questions? ?、?Could I have some apples? +單數(shù)名詞 “每一個” 強調(diào)共性,作定語,形式上為單數(shù)。 each “每一個” 強調(diào)個性,作定語、主語、賓語和同位語,常與of連用。 如:Each student was asked to try again. Each of them has a nice skirt. Every child likes playing games. “(全部)都” 表示三者或三者以上,作同位語時,一般放在連系、助動詞之后,行為動詞之前?! one “沒有”表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介詞of 如:We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada. None of us is/are afraid of dogs.(單、復(fù)數(shù)均可) “(兩者)都” ,作主語時,看作復(fù)數(shù);作定語時,后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 either “兩者中任何一個” ,作主語時,謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)。作定語時,后跟名詞單數(shù)。 neither “(兩者)都不”,含有否定意義,用法同either。 如:They both swim well. =Both of them swim well. There are trees on both sides of the street. = There are trees on either side of the street. Neither of us is going to Beijing next week. Neither answer is right. 5. another +單數(shù)名詞, “另一個” one … the other “一個……,另一個……” the other +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 = the others “其他的人或物” (指確定范圍內(nèi)剩下的全部) others “別人” (六)疑問代詞 5個“wh”, 即who, whose, whom, what, which 這里,which是同學(xué)們不易掌握的內(nèi)容,其實,同學(xué)們只須記住,對作定語的內(nèi)容提問,常用which. I39。m going to take the skirt on the right. (97中考題) ________ ________ are you going to take?一、冠詞概述冠詞是虛詞,它不能單獨使用。只能附在一個名詞上說明這個名詞。冠詞分為不定冠a(an)詞和定冠詞the。不定冠詞一般表示泛指;定冠詞一般表示特指。二、不定冠詞a(an)的用法A. 不定冠詞a(an)用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。a用于輔音字母開始的詞前;an用于元音字母開始的詞前。如:a girl an English bookB. 不定冠詞用來表示類別,指某一類人或某一類事物中的一個(泛指)。如: His father is a doctor. I work in a middle school in Beijing.C. 不定冠詞用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,可以表示其全類(泛指)。如: An English teacher teaches the students how to learn English.三、定冠詞the的用法① 表示上文提到過的人或事物?! ∪纾篐e bought an EnglishChine