【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 r deluge? Sreejith Offshore Training pack Learning ? Major accidents。 ? Potential major accidents at your offshore installation。 ? Difference between personal / occupational, marine and process accidents。 ? Swiss Cheese Bow Tie safety concepts。 and ? Importance of safety barriers in controlling major accidents. Sreejith Offshore Training pack Session Break Sreejith Offshore Training pack Major Accidents in your Offshore Field Sreejith Offshore Training pack Learning Objectives ? To learn about the major accidents that occurred in your offshore plex to understand ‘What went wrong?”。 and ? To think about the potential barrier failures that might exist at offshore installations which could lead to potential major accidents. Sreejith Offshore Training pack Offshore Complex ? Show the field diagram ? Show the platforms / FPSOs and the interconnecting pipelines ? Include the major additions / modifications to highlight to the participants that the installation has changed over the years Sreejith Offshore Training pack Platform Accident Details ? Show the accident nearmiss trends (bar chart) and discuss cause breakdown (piechart) ? A graph that shows no particular trend (upward or downward) could mean: – The HSE is not under control。 – The HSE performance / accident data collection / analysis is not proper。 – No one knows what will be the future HSE performance is! Sreejith Offshore Training pack Major Accidents ? Identify major accidents, hipotential incidents, nearmisses。 ? Discuss each of the major cases from the detail reports to explain: – Causes – Consequences – Risk reduction remendations – Implementation status – Any similar accidents occurred? ? If there are any photos of these accidents, show them. Sreejith Offshore Training pack Causes Examples ? Inadequate planning / anization。 ? Flaws in PTW procedures。 ? Written job procedure did not anticipate contributing factors。 ? Failure to follow known job procedure (s)。 ? Inadequate training。 ? Supervisor failure to identify unsafe condition。 and ? Failure to municate. Sreejith Offshore Training pack Learning ? If no concrete action is taken to rectify the cause of the incident permanently, it might lead to an accident next time round – History has proven this。 ? Accidents could happen even with safety barriers in place。 ? Personnel play an extremely important role in promoting safety – petency, experience and knowledge is important。 and ? We need to ensure that the safety barriers are maintained so as to control / mitigate accidents. Sreejith Offshore Training pack Session Break Sreejith Offshore Training pack Potential Major Accident Events at Your Offshore Complex In this presentation, the typical potential major accidents for FPSO / platform are included. This will require customisation in line with the field QRA results. Sreejith Offshore Training pack Learning Objectives ? To learn about the potential major accidents that can occur in offshore field and to understand the consequences。 ? To be aware of the major risk contributors at offshore installations。 and ? To be aware of the risk levels for various personnel at your offshore field. Sreejith Offshore Training pack Potential Major Accidents 1 Examples 1. Surface Blowout 2. Riser / Pipeline Releases 3. Process HC Releases –Fires / Explosions 4. Ship collisions 5. Dropped Objects 6. Transportation Accidents Source courtesy: Inter Sreejith Offshore Training pack Potential Major Accidents 2 Examples 7. Helicopter crash 8. Projectile / Missile impact 9. Structural damage 10. Turret Failure 11. Cargo Tank Explosion Source courtesy: Inter Sreejith Offshore Training pack Risk Terminology ? Individual Risk (IR) Individual Risk Per Annum is the frequency with which an individual may be expected to sustain fatal harm due to exposure to specific hazards in a year Source courtesy: Inter Sreejith Offshore Training pack ALARP Triangle Source courtesy: Inter Sreejith Offshore Training pack What does risk mean? Source courtesy: Inter Sreejith Offshore Training pack Essential data used in Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) ? Manning distribution ? Transportation details ? Heat Material Balance diagram ? PIDs ? PFDs ? General Arrangement / Layouts ? Design basis and safety philosophies Sreejith Offshore Training pack ? Show the areas considered in the QRA ? Explain the manning distribution of various personnel categories in the areas ? Tell them the risks calculated is rather realistic since we have considered more facts Offshore Installation Areas Sreejith Offshore Training pack Fires and Explosions ? Pool Fire ? Jet fire ? Vapour Cloud Explosion ? Flash Fire Explain the causes and consequences of each type of fires including their impairment potential Sreejith Offshore Training pack Impairment ? Discuss impingement and impairment from pool and jet fires ? Pool fire impingement on steel structures: – 10 minutes ? Jet fire impingement on steel structures: – 5 minutes Courtesy: CMPT QRA Guidelines Sreejith Offshore Training pack Risk assessment Flow Chart Sectionalisation: Review PFDs, UFDs PIDs to separate the process and utility system to various isolatable sections. HAZID: Identify potential hazards Causal Analysis: Identify hazardous events associated with accidents Risk reducing measures: Apply enhanced or additional control measures and mitigation measures. Frequency Analysis and Event Tree Analysis: Freque