【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 tion sets. ? 增值網(wǎng)是指一個企業(yè)提供接收、存儲和發(fā)送電子信息（包括 EDI報文）所需的通信設(shè)備、軟件和技術(shù)。 26 Indirect Connection Between Trading Partners 27 VAN 增值網(wǎng) ? Companies that provide VAN services include General Electric Information Services, GPAS, Harbinger Corp., IBM Global Services, etc. 提供增值網(wǎng)服務(wù)的公司有： General Electric Information Services, GPAS, Harbinger Corp., IBM Global Services, etc. ? Cost is an issue to VAN. Most VANs require an enrollment fee, a monthly maintenance fee, and a transaction fee. ? VAN的一個問題是成本太高。大部分 VAN要收注冊費(fèi)、月租費(fèi)、和交易費(fèi)。 28 EDI on the Inter 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的 EDI ? Trading partners who had been using EDI began to view the Inter as a potential replacement for the expensive leased lines. 隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)，那些原來采用 EDI的貿(mào)易伙伴開始考慮用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)替代昂貴的專線和撥號連接 ? The major roadblock to conducting EDI over the Inter was security. 在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行 EDI的主要障礙是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的安全性較差 ? As the TCP/IP was enhanced and SHTTP protocol was developed, businesses worried less about security issues. ? 隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的 TCP/IP基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)用 SHTTP等安全協(xié)議和多種加密技術(shù)增強(qiáng)之后，企業(yè)對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全問題的擔(dān)心減少了，但還沒有完全消除。 29 Open Architecture of the Inter互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的開放式體系結(jié)構(gòu) ? A number of new firms, such as Commerce One and IPNet, have begun providing EDI services on the Inter. Commerce One and IPNet等很多新企業(yè)已開始提供互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的EDI服務(wù)。 ? EDI on the Inter is also called ―open EDI‖ because the Inter is an open architecture work. 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)是開放的，所以互聯(lián)網(wǎng) EDI也稱為開放式 EDI ? New tools, such as XML, are helping trading partners be even more flexible in exchanging detailed information. ? XML等新工具可以使貿(mào)易伙伴間的信息交換更加開放靈活 30 Financial EDI金融 EDI ? The EDI transaction sets that provide instructions to a trading partner’s bank are called financial EDI (FEDI). 向貿(mào)易伙伴的銀行發(fā)出指令的 EDI報文標(biāo)準(zhǔn)稱為金融 EDI ? All banks have the ability to perform electronic funds transfers (EFTs). 所有銀行都可以進(jìn)行電子資金轉(zhuǎn)帳 (EFTs). ? Most EFTs are handled through the Automated Clearing House (ACH). 美國大部分的 EFTs都是通過自動清算所 (ACH)完成的 ? Security and reliability are issues of FEDI. ? FEDI的問題是安全性和可靠性 31 Hybrid EDI Solutions 混合的 EDI解決方案 ? Some firms are offering hybrid EDI solutions that use the Inter for part of the transaction. 一些企業(yè)提供混合的 EDI解決方案，即通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)完成部分交易活動 ? Bottomline Technologies’ payBase package is an example of hybrid EDI. Bottomline技術(shù)公司提供的 payBase軟件包就是混合的 EDI的實(shí)例。 ? Other hybrid solutions include EDIHTML translation services. ? 其他混合的 EDI解決方案包括提供 EDIHTML翻譯服務(wù)。 32 Supply Chain Management 供應(yīng)鏈管理 ? The part of an industry value chain that precedes a particular strategic business unit is often called a supply chain. 某個戰(zhàn)略業(yè)務(wù)單元之前的行業(yè)價值鏈通常稱為價值鏈 ? A pany’s supply chain for a particular product or service includes all the activities undertaken by every predecessor in the value chain to design, produce, promote, market, deliver, and support each individual ponent. 企業(yè)產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的供應(yīng)鏈包括價值鏈上的各種經(jīng)營者所開展的設(shè)計、生產(chǎn)、促銷、銷售、運(yùn)輸和支持等活動。 ? The purchasing department has traditionally been charged with buying all these ponents at the lowest price possible. ? 傳統(tǒng)意義上，采購部門負(fù)責(zé)以可能低的價格購買所有零件，而忽略了供應(yīng)鏈的總成本。 33 Value Creation in the Supply Chain供應(yīng)鏈中的價值創(chuàng)造 ? The process of taking an active role in working with suppliers to improve products and processes is called supply chain management (SCM). 主動同供應(yīng)商合作來改進(jìn)產(chǎn)品和業(yè)務(wù)流程的過程稱為供應(yīng)鏈管理 ? SCM was originally developed as a way to reduce costs. ? 供應(yīng)鏈管理最初的目標(biāo)是降低成本 34 Value Creation in the Supply Chain供應(yīng)鏈中的價值創(chuàng)造 ? Today, SCM is used to add value in the form of benefits to the ultimate consumer at the end of the supply chain. 現(xiàn)在，供應(yīng)鏈管理的目標(biāo)是為供應(yīng)鏈末端的最終用戶提供更多的價值。 ? Supply chain members can reduce costs and increase the value of products or services to the ultimate customer. ? 通過合作，供應(yīng)鏈成員可以降低成本、增加最終顧客獲得的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的價值 35 Inter Technologies in the Supply Chain供應(yīng)鏈中的網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù) ? Clear munications and quick responses to those munications are a key element of successful SCM. 明確的溝通以及成員對溝通的快速響應(yīng)是供應(yīng)鏈管理成功的關(guān)鍵 ? Technologies of the Inter and the Web can be very effective munication enhancers. 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)是實(shí)現(xiàn)這一溝通的有效工具 ? Figure 53 lists the advantages of using Inter and Web technologies in SCM. ? 表 53所示為在供應(yīng)鏈管理中使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的好處 36 表 53 Inter Technologies in the Supply Chain 供應(yīng)鏈中的網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù) 37 表 53 Inter Technologies in the Supply Chain 供應(yīng)鏈中的網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù) 38 Increasing Efficiency in the Supply Chain提高供應(yīng)鏈的效率 ? Many panies are using Inter and Web technologies to manage supply chains in ways that yield increasing efficiency throughout the chain. 很多公司利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)管理供應(yīng)鏈，以提高整個互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的效率 ? In 1997, production and scheduling errors cost Boeing over $ billion. 1997年，生產(chǎn)和計劃的失誤使得波音公司損失超過 15億美元 ? Using EDI and Inter links, Boeing is working with suppliers so that they can provide the r