【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 r puter. 直接連接 EDI：要求網(wǎng)絡(luò)上每個企業(yè)都運行自己的 EDI翻譯計算機。 66 These EDI translator puters are then connected directly to each other using modems and dialup phone lines or dedicated leased lines. 這些 EDI翻譯計算機通過調(diào)制解調(diào)器以及撥號電話線或?qū)＞€直接連接。 如下圖所示： Direct Connection Between Trading Partners 貿(mào)易伙伴間的直接連接方式 Direct Connection Between Trading Partners Indirect Connection Between Trading Partners 貿(mào)易伙伴間的間接連接方式 ? Instead of connecting directly to each of its trading partners, a pany might decide to use the services of a valueadded work. 除了與貿(mào)易伙伴直接連接外，企業(yè)還可以通過增值網(wǎng)與貿(mào)易伙伴間接連接。 69 Indirect Connection Between Trading Partners 貿(mào)易伙伴間的間接連接方式 A valueadded work (VAN) is a pany that provides the munications equipment, software, and skills needed to receive, store, and forward electronic messages that contain EDI transaction sets. 增值網(wǎng)是指一個企業(yè)提供接收、存儲和發(fā)送電子信息（包括 EDI報文）所需的通信設(shè)備、軟件和技術(shù)。 Indirect Connection Between Trading Partners VAN 增值網(wǎng) ? Companies that provide VAN services include General Electric Information Services, GPAS, Harbinger Corp., IBM Global Services, etc. 提供增值網(wǎng)服務(wù)的公司有： General Electric Information Services, GPAS, Harbinger Corp., IBM Global Services, etc. 72 ? Cost is an issue to VAN. Most VANs require an enrollment fee, a monthly maintenance fee, and a transaction fee. ? VAN的一個問題是成本太高。大部分 VAN要收注冊費、月租費、和交易費。 VAN 增值網(wǎng) EDI on the Inter 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的 EDI ? Trading partners who had been using EDI began to view the Inter as a potential replacement for the expensive leased lines. 隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)，那些原來采用 EDI的貿(mào)易伙伴開始考慮用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)替代昂貴的專線和撥號連接 EDI on the Inter 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的 EDI ? The major roadblock to conducting EDI over the Inter was security. 在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行 EDI的主要障礙是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的安全性較差 75 As the TCP/IP was enhanced and SHTTP protocol was developed, businesses worried less about security issues. 隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的 TCP/IP基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)用 SHTTP等安全協(xié)議和多種加密技術(shù)增強之后，企業(yè)對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全問題的擔(dān)心減少了，但還沒有完全消除。 EDI on the Inter 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的 EDI Open Architecture of the Inter互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的開放式體系結(jié)構(gòu) ? A number of new firms, such as Commerce One and IPNet, have begun providing EDI services on the Inter. Commerce One and IPNet等很多新企業(yè)已開始提供互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的 EDI服務(wù)。 Open Architecture of the Inter互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的開放式體系結(jié)構(gòu) ? EDI on the Inter is also called “open EDI” because the Inter is an open architecture work. 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)是開放的，所以互聯(lián)網(wǎng) EDI也稱為開放式 EDI Open Architecture of the Inter互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的開放式體系結(jié)構(gòu) ? New tools, such as XML, are helping trading partners be even more flexible in exchanging detailed information. ? XML等新工具可以使貿(mào)易伙伴間的信息交換更加開放靈活 EDI payment ? The EDI transaction sets that provide instructions to a trading partner’s bank are called financial EDI (FEDI). 向貿(mào)易伙伴的銀行發(fā)出指令的 EDI報文標(biāo)準(zhǔn)稱為金融 EDI ? All banks have the ability to perform electronic funds transfers (EFTs). 所有銀行都可以進(jìn)行電子資金轉(zhuǎn)帳 (EFTs). Financial EDI金融 EDI ? Most EFTs are handled through the Automated Clearing House (ACH). 美國大部分的 EFTs都是通過自動清算所 (ACH)完成的 ? Security and reliability are issues of FEDI. ? FEDI的問題是安全性和可靠性 Hybrid EDI Solutions 混合的 EDI解決方案 ? Some firms are offering hybrid EDI solutions that use the Inter for part of the transaction. 一些企業(yè)提供混合的 EDI解決方案，即通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)完成部分交易活動 ? Bottomline Technologies’ payBase package is an example of hybrid EDI. Bottomline技術(shù)公司提供的 payBase軟件包就是混合的 EDI的實例。 Supply Chain Management 供應(yīng)鏈管理 ? The part of an industry value chain that precedes a particular strategic business unit is often called a supply chain. 某個戰(zhàn)略業(yè)務(wù)單元之前的行業(yè)價值鏈通常稱為供應(yīng)鏈 83 ?Supply chain management – Job of managing integration of pany supply management and logistics activities 供應(yīng)鏈管理，指使供應(yīng)鏈運作達(dá)到最優(yōu)化，以最少的成本，令供應(yīng)鏈從采購開始，到滿足最終客戶的所有過程 Supply Chain Management 供應(yīng)鏈管理 Supply Chain Management 供應(yīng)鏈管理 ? Supply chain ： all the activities undertaken by every predecessor in the value chain to design, produce, promote, market, deliver, and support each individual ponent. 企業(yè)產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的供應(yīng)鏈：包括價值鏈上的各種經(jīng)營者所開展的設(shè)計、生產(chǎn)、促銷、銷售、運輸和支持等活動。 85 圍繞核心企業(yè)，通過對信息流，物流，資金流的控制，從采購原材料開始，制成中間產(chǎn)品以及最終產(chǎn)品，最后由銷售網(wǎng)絡(luò)把產(chǎn)品送到消費者手中。它是將供應(yīng)商 ,制造商，分銷商，零售商 ,直到最終用戶連成一個整體的功能網(wǎng)鏈模式。 Supply Chain Management 供應(yīng)鏈管理 Value Creation in the Supply Chain供應(yīng)鏈中的價值創(chuàng)造 ? The process of taking an active role in working with suppliers to improve products and processes is called supply chain management (SCM). 主動同供應(yīng)商合作，來改進(jìn)產(chǎn)品和業(yè)務(wù)流程的過程稱為供應(yīng)鏈管理 Value Creation in the Supply Chain供應(yīng)鏈中的價值創(chuàng)造 ? Supply chain members can reduce costs and increase the value of products or services to the ultimate customer. ? 通過合作，供應(yīng)鏈成員可以降低成本、增加最終顧客獲得的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的價值 ? The purchasing department has traditionally been charged with buying all these ponents at the lowest price possible. ? 傳統(tǒng)意義上，采購部門負(fù)責(zé)以可能低的價格購買所有零件，而忽略了供應(yīng)鏈的總成本。 Value Creation in the Supply Chain供應(yīng)鏈中的價值創(chuàng)造 Value Creation in the Supply Chain供應(yīng)鏈中的價值創(chuàng)造 ? Today, SCM is used to add value in the form of benefits to the ultimate consumer at the end of the supply chain. 現(xiàn)在，供應(yīng)鏈管理的目標(biāo)是為供應(yīng)鏈末端的最終客戶提供價值 ? Achieve higherquality or lowercost product at the end of the chain 90 Value Creation in the Supply Chain供應(yīng)鏈中的價值創(chuàng)造 ?Tierone suppliers 一級供應(yīng)商 – Small number of very capable suppliers – Original business establishes a longterm relationship ?Tiertwo suppliers 二級供應(yīng)商 – Larger number of suppliers who tierone suppliers develop longterm relationships with for ponents, raw materials ?Tierthree suppliers – Next level of suppliers ?Key element: trust 91 ?Supply alliances 供給性聯(lián)盟 – Longterm relationships among participants (參與者 ) in the supply chain – Major barrier： Level of information sharing ?Example: Dell Computer – Reduced supply chain costs by sharing information with suppliers Value Creation in the Supply Chain供應(yīng)鏈中的價值創(chuàng)造 92 Value Creation in the Supply Chain供應(yīng)鏈中的價值創(chuàng)造 ?Successful supply chain management key elements