信息通信技術(shù)對企業(yè)之間協(xié)調(diào)的影響(編輯修改稿)
2025-03-10 00:23 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 not equal in different phases of strategic and operational coordination. Interanizational Coordination 企業(yè)間協(xié)調(diào) 26 Hugh Yan ? Transaction costs theory: It is widely believed that the use of ICT enables people to change coordination: more effective and more efficient coordination processes, new coordination structures. Williamson claims that costs e from two sources: ? Production Costs. They are the results of the flow of materials, producing and supplying products and services by the deployment of sources. ? low production costs in the case of Market Coordination Structure. 信息和通信技術(shù)的影響 The Impact of ICT 27 Hugh Yan ? Transaction costs theory: ? Coordination Costs. They are associated with the need for essential information to carry out the transaction. ? low coordination costs in the case of hierarchy Coordination Structure. ? ICT can lower coordination costs, this may lead to an overall shift towards smaller firms and proportionally extra use of markets. ? The use of ICT can increase the plexity of coordination: – More coordination processes are used。 – More anizations are involved。 – More munication activities。 – More information to be taken into account when making a decision。 – Introducing an intermediary can deal with the plexity. 信息和通信技術(shù)的影響 The Impact of ICT 28 Hugh Yan ? Use of ICT impacts on coordination structures: ? Use of ICT changes coordination structures to be more centralized. ? In decentralized structure coordination, the maximum munication number = mn。 ? In one broker centralized structure coordination, the maximum munication number = m + n。 這里： ? 當(dāng) m1, n1 , k=1時， mn – (m + n) = (m1)(n1) = 1 ? In k broker centralized structure coordination, the maximum munication number = k(m + n)。 當(dāng) mk, nk , k0 時， mn – k(m + n) = (mk)(nk) = k ? Decentralized structure needs more munications than centralized structure. 信息和通信技術(shù)的影響 The Impact of ICT 29 Hugh Yan ? Use of ICT is not expected to influence the aspect of dominated versus neutral. ? A dominated structure will stay dominated。 ? A neutral structure will stay neutral, but ? By reducing coordination costs ICT will improve the efficiency of a neutral coordination structure。 ? ICT will reduce the profit of the participant selected because of the increased petition among the participants selected. ? It is impossible to avoid the usage of ICT. 信息和通信技術(shù)的影響 The Impact of ICT 30 Hugh Yan ? Use of ICT is not expected to influence the aspect of dominated versus neutral. ? Bakos suggests three strategies to be used by participants selected to minimize the negative effect: – Emphasizing service over price information, – Making it increasingly difficult to pare the price of alternative offerings。 – Increasing the differentiation of offerings. 信息和通信技術(shù)的影響 The Impact of ICT 31 Hugh Yan ? Use of ICT enables the number of participants during strategic coordination phase increase. ? The use of ICT can facilitate an increase in the number of anizations. ? The number of anizations contacted will increase. ? It will increase during strategic coordination phase。 ? No guarantee that the number of anizations with which an agreement is settled during the operational coordination level will increase. 信息和通信技術(shù)的影響 The Impact of ICT 32 Hugh Yan ? Use of ICT enables the number of participants during strategic coordination phase increase. ? the number of anizations depends on: ? coordination costs。 ? amount of relation specific investments。 ? quality, trust and flexibility。 ? Increasing the differentiation of offerings. 信息和通信技術(shù)的影響 The Impact of ICT 33 Hugh Yan ? Use of ICT can influence the duration of agreements ? To build a relationship with an anization requires some investments. If the investments are high, it is not profitable to do this over and over again for every order。 ? Long term agreements are settled in which the goods and services are supplied more than once. ? ICT standardization will lower the investments. This may lead to short term agreements. 信息和通信技術(shù)的影響 The Impact of ICT 34 Hugh Yan ? Homogeneity. When distinguish goods and services from each other, we need do parisons. Factors, such as price, size, weight, amount, quality, responsiveness, flexibility, define the preference profile on both buyers and sellers. ? when more and more factors are required, ? a centralized broker may useful, ? and the longer the relationships will last, ? the lower the number of participants。 ? the more time may be consumed。 ? the
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