供給、需求與政府政策(編輯修改稿)
2025-02-08 16:56 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 制用歧視標準等代替價格機制作為配給機制 . ?比如 : 最低工作，農(nóng)業(yè)價格支持 最低工資 價格下限的一個重要例子是最低工資。最低工資法規(guī)定了任何一個雇主要支付的最低勞動力價格。 Figure 5 How the Minimum Wage Affects the Labor Market Copyright169。2023 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Quantity of Labor Wage 0 Labor demand Labor Supply Equilibrium employment Equilibrium wage Figure 5 How the Minimum Wage Affects the Labor Market Copyright169。2023 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Quantity of Labor Wage 0 Labor Supply Labor surplus (unemployment) Labor demand Minimum wage Quantity demanded Quantity supplied 稅收 政府用稅收為公共項目籌資 . 稅收歸宿 稅收歸宿（ Tax incidence ） ：如何在市場參與者間分擔稅收負擔 Figure 6 A Tax on Buyers Copyright169。2023 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Quantity of IceCream Cones 0 Price of IceCream Cone Price without tax Price sellers receive Equilibrium without tax Tax ($) Price buyers pay D1 D2 Supply, S1 A tax on buyers shifts the demand curve downward by the size of the tax ($). $ 90 Equilibrium with tax 100 向買者（和賣者）征稅如何影響市場結果 稅收抑制了市場活動 . 當對一種物品征稅時，該物品在新均衡時的銷售量減少了 . 買者與賣者分攤稅收負擔 . Figure 7 A Tax on Sellers Copyright169。2023 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Quantity of IceCream Cones 0 Price of IceCream Cone Price without tax Price sellers receive Equilibrium with tax Equilibrium without tax Tax ($) Price buyers pay S1 S2 Demand, D1 A tax on sellers shifts the supply curve upward by the amount of the tax ($). 100 $ 90 對買者征稅和賣者征稅是相同的 Figure 8 工薪稅 Copyright169。2023 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Quantity of Labor 0 Wage Labor demand Labor supply 稅收楔子 Wage workers receive Wage firms pay Wage without tax 彈性與稅收歸宿 稅收歸宿是 關于誰來
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