供給、需求與政府政策(編輯修改稿)
2025-02-08 16:56 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 制用歧視標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等代替價(jià)格機(jī)制作為配給機(jī)制 . ?比如 : 最低工作，農(nóng)業(yè)價(jià)格支持 最低工資 價(jià)格下限的一個(gè)重要例子是最低工資。最低工資法規(guī)定了任何一個(gè)雇主要支付的最低勞動(dòng)力價(jià)格。 Figure 5 How the Minimum Wage Affects the Labor Market Copyright169。2023 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Quantity of Labor Wage 0 Labor demand Labor Supply Equilibrium employment Equilibrium wage Figure 5 How the Minimum Wage Affects the Labor Market Copyright169。2023 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Quantity of Labor Wage 0 Labor Supply Labor surplus (unemployment) Labor demand Minimum wage Quantity demanded Quantity supplied 稅收 政府用稅收為公共項(xiàng)目籌資 . 稅收歸宿 稅收歸宿（ Tax incidence ） ：如何在市場參與者間分擔(dān)稅收負(fù)擔(dān) Figure 6 A Tax on Buyers Copyright169。2023 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Quantity of IceCream Cones 0 Price of IceCream Cone Price without tax Price sellers receive Equilibrium without tax Tax ($) Price buyers pay D1 D2 Supply, S1 A tax on buyers shifts the demand curve downward by the size of the tax ($). $ 90 Equilibrium with tax 100 向買者（和賣者）征稅如何影響市場結(jié)果 稅收抑制了市場活動(dòng) . 當(dāng)對一種物品征稅時(shí)，該物品在新均衡時(shí)的銷售量減少了 . 買者與賣者分?jǐn)偠愂肇?fù)擔(dān) . Figure 7 A Tax on Sellers Copyright169。2023 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Quantity of IceCream Cones 0 Price of IceCream Cone Price without tax Price sellers receive Equilibrium with tax Equilibrium without tax Tax ($) Price buyers pay S1 S2 Demand, D1 A tax on sellers shifts the supply curve upward by the amount of the tax ($). 100 $ 90 對買者征稅和賣者征稅是相同的 Figure 8 工薪稅 Copyright169。2023 Southwestern/Thomson Learning Quantity of Labor 0 Wage Labor demand Labor supply 稅收楔子 Wage workers receive Wage firms pay Wage without tax 彈性與稅收歸宿 稅收歸宿是 關(guān)于誰來
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