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onalities different from others, it would be plexity. 創(chuàng)造性品格的人有復(fù)雜的性格 ? …it involves the ability to move from on extreme to the other as occasion requires. 需要 時(shí),可以從一個(gè)極端轉(zhuǎn)向另一個(gè)極端 Csikszentmihalyi (1996,) Ten Traits of creative personality 1. Creative individuals have a great deal of physical energy, but they are also quiet and at rest. 既精力旺盛,又沉默、文靜; 2. Creative people tend to be smart, yet also na239。ve at the same time. 既聰明又天真、往往輕信于人; 3. A third paradoxical trait refers to the related bination of playfulness and discipline, or responsibility and irresponsibility. 既活潑可愛、淘氣,又很有自制能力 。 既有強(qiáng)烈的責(zé)任感又不負(fù)責(zé); 4. Creative individuals alternate between imagination and fantasy at one end, and a rooted sense of reality at the other. 既有豐富的想象力,甚至想入非非,又非常實(shí)際; 5. Creative people seems to harbor opposite tendencies in the continuum between extroversion and introversion. 既外向,又內(nèi)向; 6. Creative individuals are also remarkably humble and proud at the same ,又有點(diǎn)高傲; 7. Creative and talented girls are more dominate and tough than other girls and creative boys are more sensitive and less aggressive than their male peers. 女生是強(qiáng)勢的,堅(jiān)韌的;男士則敏感,不那么爭強(qiáng)好勝; 8. Generally, creative people are thought to be rebellious and independent. 有反抗精神,但又是獨(dú)立自主的; 9. More creative persons are very passionate about their work, yet they can be extremely objective about it. 極富激情,但是又極為客觀; Csikszentmihalyi (1996,) ? 潘涌( 2023)在比較中美作文結(jié)果后認(rèn)為:事實(shí)上,中國大部分考生最缺乏的恰恰是嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)縝密、邏輯演繹、獨(dú)立判斷的思想力及其相應(yīng)的表達(dá)力, …。 有助于提高思維能力 布魯姆的認(rèn)知分類 1 記憶:回憶和識別信息 (the recall or recognition of information) 2 轉(zhuǎn)換:將信息轉(zhuǎn)換為另一種形式或語言 (changing information into different symbolic form or language) 3 解釋 : 能發(fā)現(xiàn)事實(shí)、規(guī)律、定義、價(jià)值與技能之間的關(guān)系 ( the discovery of relationships among facts, generalizations, definitions, values, and skills) 4 應(yīng)用:運(yùn)用和選擇適當(dāng)?shù)囊?guī)則和技能去解決生活中的問題 ( solving a lifelike problems that requires the identification of the issue and the selection and use of appropriate generalizations and skills) Cognition thinking goal ? 5. 分析 : 根據(jù)部分有意識的知識和思維的形式解決問題 ( solving a problem in the light of conscious knowledge of the parts and forms of thinking) ? 6.綜合 /演繹:完成需要運(yùn)用原創(chuàng)和創(chuàng)造性思維解決一個(gè)問題 ( solving a problem that requires original, creative thinking) ? 7. 評價(jià):根據(jù)學(xué)生自己制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)確定一件事情是正確還是錯誤,是好的還是壞的 。 (making a judgment of good or bad, right or wrong, according to standards designed by the student) Higherorder thinking skills 高階思維能力 ? ProblemSolving strategies(解決問題) ? DecisionMaking strategies (作出決策) ? IdeaGenerating strategies (生成想法) ? CreativeThinking strategies (創(chuàng)造性思維 變革什么? ? 理念:不僅僅是交流工具、而是促進(jìn)人的發(fā)展 ? 目標(biāo):語言運(yùn)用只是目標(biāo)之一,增加社會文化、 思維認(rèn)知目標(biāo) ? 內(nèi)容:生存英語到學(xué)生健康發(fā)展 ? 途徑:擯棄功能 結(jié)構(gòu),改造任務(wù)型語言教學(xué) ? 資源: 補(bǔ)充資源、世界是學(xué)生的教材 ? 實(shí)施: 校本課程設(shè)計(jì),個(gè)性化學(xué)習(xí) ? 傳統(tǒng)上,外部目標(biāo)統(tǒng)治語言教學(xué)幾近百年,情景法、聽說法都是強(qiáng)調(diào)外部世界,而不是學(xué)生的內(nèi)心世界,后來的功能 — 意念大綱也只注重外部的功能功能 — 意念目標(biāo)從某種意義上說是接受現(xiàn)實(shí)的世界,而不是為了改造社會。但語言教學(xué)可以超越現(xiàn)實(shí)而使得世界變得更好。 Cook( 2023, ) ? 英語 學(xué)習(xí)的目標(biāo),不僅僅是為了學(xué)習(xí)語言本身,而是通過學(xué)習(xí)語言發(fā)展自己的心智、品格、修養(yǎng)、素質(zhì),學(xué)習(xí)知識,以使自己達(dá)到 “理想的自己” 具有 21世紀(jì)人才必備的品格和技能,能在未來的生活中融入世界,改造世界。顯然,當(dāng)學(xué)生樹立了這樣遠(yuǎn)大理想時(shí),他們就會有真正的積極性和動力。 D246。rnyei (2023) ? 以前 的 第二語言學(xué)習(xí) 者, 目的