【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 research from Washington University in St. Louis has discovered a brain area that clearly acts as an early warning system and helps us adjust our behavior to avoid dangerous situations. Our brains are better at picking up not obvious warning signs than we previously thought, said Joshua Brown, a PhD in psychology in the issue of the journal Science. The findings offer exact scientific evidence for a new way to form a concept of the plex control processes taking place in and around the ACC, a brain area located near the top of the frontal lobes(耳垂 ) and along the walls that divide the left and right hemispheres(大腦半球 ). In the past, we found activity in the ACC when people had to make a difficult decision, or after they make a mistake, Brown said. But now we find that this brain area can actually learn to recognize when you might make a mistake, even before a difficult decision has to be made. So the ACC appears to act as an early warning system—— it learns to warn us in advance when our behavior might lead to a negative oute, so that we can be more careful and avoid making a mistake. By providing a clearer picture by which we self monitor and control our behavior, the study is an important step in efforts to develop more effective treatments for mental illnesses. It also provides a new way of understanding inappropriate behaviors that often acpany mental illnesses. Our results suggest how injury of the ACC can lead to breakdowns in the early warning system, so that the brain fails to stop or control inappropriate behavior ahead of time, said Brown. On the other hand, in those persons with mental disorder, the ACC might warn us of an uping problem even when no problem is in the existence. Known to be an important part of the brain39。s control system, the ACC is believed to help adjust between cold, hard, factbased reasoning and emotional responses, such as love, fear or expectation. 13. According to the passage, the ACC____________. A. refers to the sixth sense for danger B. deals with obvious warning situations C. connects the left and right hemispheres D. sends warning messages in advance 14. The new research is beneficial because it ________ . A. provides a new way of avoiding mistakes B. adjusts emotional responses in time of danger C. helps find better treatments for mental illnesses D. assists people in predicting and avoiding danger 15. The new research helps us understand _________. A. why we are likely to make mistakes when the ACC is badly injured B. why people with illnesses usually have so many strange behaviors C. how the ACC works when something dangerous happens D. how our brain warns us of failure in advance 第二節(jié) （共 5小題，每題 2分，滿分 10分） 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 American black bears appear in a variety of colors despite their name. In the eastern part of their range, most of these bears have shiny black fur, but in the west they grow brown, red, or even yellow coats. 16 Even in the same litter (一窩幼崽） , both brown and black furred bears may be born. Black bears are the smallest of all American bears, ranging in length from five to six feet, weighing from three hundred to five hundred pounds. 17 18 However, if attacked, most can climb trees and cover ground at great speeds. When angry or frightened, they are formidable enemies. Black bears feed on leaves, herbs, fruit, berries, insects, fish, and even larger animals. 19 Unlike squirrels, woodchucks, and many other woodland animals, bears do not actually hibernate. Although the bear does not eat during the winter months, sustaining itself from body fat, its temperature remains almost normal, and it breathes regularly four or five times per minute. 20 They prefer to live in caves. Baby black bears are born in January or February after a gestation(懷孕 ) period of six to nine months, and they stay with their mother until they are fully grown or about one and a half years old. Black bears can live as long as thirty years in the wild, and even longer in some nature reserves. A. To the north, the black bear is actually gray or white in color. B. Black bears mate all year round C. One of the most interesting characteristics of bears, including the black bear, is their winter sleep. D. Like all bears, the black bear is timid, clumsy, and rarely dangerous. E. Bears often eat a lot of food before they hibernate in their caves. F. Most black bears live alone, except during mating season. G. Their eyes and ears are small and their eyesight and hearing are not as good as their sense of