中國(guó)土地制度(編輯修改稿)
2025-02-01 08:35 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 要的還是社會(huì)保障權(quán)。它的放棄 并不以獲得土地本身所具有的市場(chǎng)價(jià)值為條件 ，而是以獲得進(jìn)入新的社會(huì)保障體系為條件 。這意味著平等待遇，保障對(duì)接，即農(nóng)民可以從以土地為載體的 實(shí)物保障體系 向 基金式的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)保障體系自由轉(zhuǎn)移，這是建立土地流轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)制的決定性因素。 土地流轉(zhuǎn) ? 馮繼康，論市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)制的構(gòu)建 ? 主要目標(biāo)：按效益原則配置農(nóng)村土地資源是農(nóng)村土地制度建設(shè)的 ? 本質(zhì)：農(nóng)村土地產(chǎn)權(quán)主體的變更與換位 ? 目標(biāo)追求：實(shí)現(xiàn)適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)與優(yōu)化土地資源配置效率 ? 原則：市場(chǎng)機(jī)制與政府調(diào)控的有機(jī)統(tǒng)一 ? 實(shí)現(xiàn)方式：土地轉(zhuǎn)讓、土地租賃、土地抵押、土地入股與土地買賣 土地流轉(zhuǎn) ? 李明秋博士論文，中國(guó)農(nóng)村土地制度創(chuàng)新研究 ? 我國(guó)農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)市場(chǎng)還處于剛剛起步階段，完善和規(guī)范的內(nèi)容包括 ? 規(guī)范交易程序 ? 培育中介服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu) ? 強(qiáng)化地籍管理運(yùn)作，實(shí)行嚴(yán)格的產(chǎn)權(quán)變更登記制度 ? 建立科學(xué)的農(nóng)地估價(jià)機(jī)制 ? 加強(qiáng)農(nóng)地流轉(zhuǎn)市場(chǎng)的法制建設(shè) 土地流轉(zhuǎn) ? 陳錫文等，如何促進(jìn)農(nóng)民土地使用權(quán)合理流轉(zhuǎn) ? 農(nóng)村土地制度改革的近期目標(biāo)是，在產(chǎn)權(quán)明晰的前提下，促進(jìn)農(nóng)用地流轉(zhuǎn)，遠(yuǎn)期目標(biāo)是淡化農(nóng)村土地社會(huì)保障功能，積極培育城鄉(xiāng)土地交易市場(chǎng) 土地產(chǎn)權(quán)關(guān)系分化組合的法學(xué)解釋 ? 丁關(guān)良，農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)性質(zhì)探討 ? 從債權(quán)的視角認(rèn)為，我國(guó)目前實(shí)行的家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制，通過(guò)集體與農(nóng)戶簽訂承包合同，使農(nóng)戶獲得農(nóng)地使用權(quán)，實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)地所有權(quán)與使用權(quán)的分離，屬于債權(quán)關(guān)系與債權(quán)制度范疇 ? 王小映，土地制度變遷與土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)物化 ? 從物權(quán)的視角認(rèn)為，土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)屬于物權(quán)中的他物權(quán)，屬于他物權(quán)中的用益物權(quán)，是一種不同于債權(quán)性質(zhì)的新型用益物權(quán) ? 靳相木，土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)的法律性質(zhì)及發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ? 認(rèn)為農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)兼有物權(quán)與債權(quán)兩種性質(zhì)，是在誘致性制度變遷中以債權(quán)形式出現(xiàn)并在經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展過(guò)程中表現(xiàn)出物權(quán)化趨向的新型財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利 土地產(chǎn)權(quán)關(guān)系分化組合的法學(xué)解釋 ? 田千禧，農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)的法律性質(zhì)及實(shí)現(xiàn)形式 ? 土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)是在我國(guó)特定歷史階段形成的一種復(fù)合形態(tài)的權(quán)利，是有債權(quán)、物權(quán)、身份權(quán)等多種法律性質(zhì)，其質(zhì)態(tài)的多樣化昭示了農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)的過(guò)渡性與不穩(wěn)定性 ? 葉華，農(nóng)地承包權(quán)具有所有權(quán)性質(zhì) ? 則從法外權(quán)利的視角探討了農(nóng)村土地承包權(quán)的性質(zhì)，認(rèn)為土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)的實(shí)質(zhì)是農(nóng)民對(duì)土地的個(gè)人所有，即現(xiàn)行農(nóng)地制度是集體占有基礎(chǔ)上的農(nóng)民個(gè)人所有制，也就是說(shuō)在公有制條件下實(shí)現(xiàn)了農(nóng)村土地的人人所有 Foreign Literature Review ? Land and its quality ? Reason for Grain slacken ? Land Rights and Productivity ? Basis on making land reallocation ? An empirical research Land and its quality ? D. Gale Johnson, Property Rights in Rural China ? Land provides a productive asset that farmers can invest in for their old age.39。39。 ? Historically, elderly farmers have been able to maintain their consumption and ines in old age by accumulating land earlier in life. Land and its quality ? Dwayne Benjamin, Loren Brandt and Scott Rozelle, “ Aging, Wellbeing, and socials security in Rural North China“ ? Access to land can provide rural people with a cheap source of food ? Farming provides jobs and security Reason for Grain slacken ? Roy Prosterman, Tim Hanstad and Ping Li, Can China Feed Itself? ? Tenure insecurity discouraged investment and lowered growth. Reason for Grain slacken ? James Kung, James Kung and Shouying Liu, Farmers39。 Preferences Regarding Ownership and Land Tenure in PostMao China: Unexpected Evidence from Eight Count~es ? Low farmgate prices for the sagging productivity. Reason for Grain slacken ? Majority of the farmers surveyed oppose extended tenure or privatization ? preferring a system that guarantees continued access to sufficient land through periodic land reallocations to meet the household39。s needs as the family grows or contracts Land Rights and Productivity ? Harold Demsetz,Toward aTheoryofProperty Rights, Almen Alchian, and Harold Demsetz, The Property Rights Paradigm“ ? Security of tenure and the right to rent land are likely to improve longrun productivity ? Policies that frequently reallocate land may undermine tenure security Land Rights and Productivity ? Hans Binswanger and Mark Rosensweig, Behavioral and Material Determinants ofProduction Relations in Agriculture” ? Reallocation of land leads to higher output overall ? The means ? Administratively by cadres ? In a decentralized way Land Rights and Productivity ? Shortterm tenures or uncertainty tenure lower the household39。s expected returns to its investment ? reduce the optimal level of investment ?
外語(yǔ)相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1